Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
Drugs. 2017 Jan;77(1):1-15. doi: 10.1007/s40265-016-0675-z.
Conventional vaccine adjuvants enhance peptide-specific T-cell and B-cell responses by modifying peptide stability or uptake or by binding to pattern-recognition receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This article discusses the application of a distinct mechanism of adjuvant activity: the activation of type I, or invariant, natural killer T (iNKT) cells to drive cellular and humoral immune responses. Using a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR), iNKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented on cluster of differentiation (CD)-1d molecules. When their ligands are presented in concert with peptides, iNKT cells can provide T-cell help, 'licensing' APCs to augment peptide-specific T-cell and antibody responses. We discuss the potential benefits and limitations of exploiting iNKT cells as 'universal helpers' to enhance vaccine responses for the treatment and prevention of cancer and infectious diseases.
传统的疫苗佐剂通过修饰肽的稳定性或摄取，或者通过与抗原呈递细胞（APC）上的模式识别受体结合，来增强肽特异性 T 细胞和 B 细胞的反应。本文讨论了一种不同的佐剂作用机制的应用：即通过激活 I 型或不变自然杀伤 T（iNKT）细胞来驱动细胞和体液免疫反应。iNKT 细胞使用半不变的 T 细胞受体（TCR）识别 CD1d 分子上呈现的糖脂抗原。当它们的配体与肽一起呈现时，iNKT 细胞可以提供 T 细胞帮助，“授权”APC 增强肽特异性 T 细胞和抗体反应。我们讨论了利用 iNKT 细胞作为“通用助手”来增强疫苗反应，以治疗和预防癌症和传染病的潜在益处和局限性。
