Guarino Michele Pier Luca, Cicala Michele, Putignani Lorenza, Severi Carola
Michele Pier Luca Guarino, Michele Cicala, Digestive Disease Unit of Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Dec 7;22(45):9871-9879. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9871.
Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastro-intestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastro-intestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Toll-like receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios.
在过去几年中，肠道常驻微生物群在几种胃肠道疾病发病机制中的重要性已得到大量研究。越来越多的证据表明，微生物群可影响胃肠动力。目前的工作假设是，由生态失调驱动的黏膜改变会诱导多种炎症/免疫介质的产生，这些介质会影响肠道神经肌肉功能。除了这些间接的黏膜介导作用外，本综述强调，最近的证据表明，微生物群可通过其代谢产物或从肠腔转运的细菌分子成分直接影响肠神经和平滑肌细胞的功能。Toll样受体作为细菌识别受体，在肠神经和平滑肌上均有表达，并逐渐成为微生物群与肠神经肌肉装置之间的潜在介质。此外，正在进行的关于益生菌的研究支持了神经肌肉装置可能是干预靶点的假设，从而开辟了新的生理病理和治疗前景。
