Novin Sheida, Oyserman Daphna
Department of Psychology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2016 Dec 9;7:1921. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01921. eCollection 2016.
Honor values articulate gender roles, the importance of reputation in maintaining one's place in society, and maintaining respect for the groups one belongs to. In that sense honor provides a template for organizing social interactions and hence may be functional even among people and societies that do not report valuing and endorsing honor. We test the prediction that honor influences judgment and attention when activated in two experiments ( = 538). Using a culture-as-situated cognition perspective, we predicted that activating one aspect of honor would activate other aspects, even among individuals who do not much endorse honor values. We tested these predictions among European Americans, a group that is not typically associated with honor values. In each study, participants were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups, which differed in one way: the experimental group read statements about honor values as a first step and the control group did not. Participants then judged stick-figure pairs (judging which is male; Study 1, = 130) or made lexical decisions (judging whether a letter-string formed a correctly spelled word; Study 2, = 408). In Study 1, experimental group participants were more likely to choose the visually agentic figure as male. In Study 2, experimental group participants were more accurate at noticing that the letter-string formed a word if the word was an honor-relevant word (e.g., noble), but they did not differ from the control group if the word was irrelevant to honor (e.g., happy). Participants in both studies were just above the neutral point in their endorsement of honor values. Individual differences in honor values endorsement did not moderate the effects of activating an honor mindset. Though honor is often described as if it is located in space, we did not find clear effects of where our letter strings were located on the computer screen. Our findings suggest a new way to consider how honor functions, even in societies in which honor is not a highly endorsed value.
荣誉价值观阐明了性别角色、声誉在维护个人社会地位方面的重要性，以及对所属群体保持尊重。从这个意义上说，荣誉为组织社会互动提供了一个模板，因此即使在那些不重视和认可荣誉的人和社会中，它也可能发挥作用。我们在两项实验（N = 538）中检验了这样一种预测：当荣誉被激活时，它会影响判断和注意力。从文化即情境认知的角度出发，我们预测，即使在不太认可荣誉价值观的个体中，激活荣誉的一个方面也会激活其他方面。我们在欧洲裔美国人中检验了这些预测，这是一个通常与荣誉价值观无关的群体。在每项研究中，参与者被随机分配到实验组或对照组，两组的区别仅在于：实验组首先阅读关于荣誉价值观的陈述，而对照组则不阅读。然后，参与者判断简笔画人物对（判断哪一个是男性；研究1，N = 130）或进行词汇判断（判断一个字母串是否构成一个正确拼写的单词；研究2，N = 408）。在研究1中，实验组参与者更有可能选择视觉上具有能动性的人物作为男性。在研究2中，如果单词与荣誉相关（例如，noble），实验组参与者更能准确地注意到字母串构成了一个单词，但如果单词与荣誉无关（例如，happy），他们与对照组没有差异。两项研究中的参与者在对荣誉价值观的认可上都略高于中性点。荣誉价值观认可方面的个体差异并没有调节激活荣誉思维模式的效果。尽管荣誉常常被描述为好像它存在于空间中，但我们没有发现字母串在电脑屏幕上的位置有明显影响。我们的研究结果提出了一种新的方式来思考荣誉是如何发挥作用的，即使在那些荣誉不是高度认可价值的社会中。
