Vryzas Zisis
Laboratory of Agricultural Pharmacology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace Orestias, Greece.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Dec 8;7:1968. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01968. eCollection 2016.
Systemic pesticides (SPs) are usually recommended for soil treatments and as seed coating agents and are taken up from the soil by involving various plant-mediated processes, physiological, and morphological attributes of the root systems. Microscopic insights and next-generation sequencing combined with bioinformatics allow us now to identify new functions and interactions of plant-associated bacteria and perceive plants as meta-organisms. Host symbiotic, rhizo-epiphytic, endophytic microorganisms and their functions on plants have not been studied yet in accordance with uptake, tanslocation and action of pesticides. Root tips exudates mediated by rhizobacteria could modify the uptake of specific pesticides while bacterial ligands and enzymes can affect metabolism and fate of pesticide within plant. Over expression of specific proteins in cell membrane can also modify pesticide influx in roots. Moreover, proteins and other membrane compartments are usually involved in pesticide modes of action and resistance development. In this article it is discussed what is known of the physiological attributes including apoplastic, symplastic, and trans-membrane transport of SPs in accordance with the intercommunication dictated by plant-microbe, cell to cell and intracellular signaling. Prospects and challenges for uptake, translocation, storage, exudation, metabolism, and action of SPs are given through the prism of new insights of plant microbiome. Interactions of soil applied pesticides with physiological processes, plant root exudates and plant microbiome are summarized to scrutinize challenges for the next-generation pesticides.
系统性农药（SPs）通常推荐用于土壤处理和作为种子包衣剂，它们通过各种植物介导的过程、根系的生理和形态特征从土壤中被植物吸收。微观观察以及结合生物信息学的新一代测序技术，使我们现在能够识别与植物相关细菌的新功能和相互作用，并将植物视为元生物体。然而，宿主共生菌、根表附生菌、内生微生物及其对植物的功能，在农药的吸收、转运和作用方面尚未得到研究。由根际细菌介导的根尖分泌物可以改变特定农药的吸收，而细菌配体和酶可以影响农药在植物体内的代谢和归宿。细胞膜中特定蛋白质的过表达也可以改变根对农药的流入。此外，蛋白质和其他膜区室通常参与农药的作用方式和抗性发展。本文讨论了根据植物 - 微生物、细胞间和细胞内信号传导所决定的相互交流，关于系统性农药在质外体、共质体和跨膜运输等生理特性方面的已知情况。通过植物微生物组的新见解这一视角，给出了系统性农药在吸收、转运、储存、分泌、代谢和作用方面的前景与挑战。总结了土壤施用农药与生理过程、植物根系分泌物和植物微生物组的相互作用，以审视下一代农药面临的挑战。
