Martynov V I, Pakhomov A A, Popova N V, Deyev I E, Petrenko A G
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
Acta Naturae. 2016 Oct-Dec;8(4):33-46.
The last decade has witnessed significant advance in the imaging of living systems using fluorescent markers. This progress has been primarily associated with the discovery of different spectral variants of fluorescent proteins. However, the fluorescent protein technology has its own limitations and, in some cases, the use of low-molecular-weight fluorophores is preferable. In this review, we describe the arsenal of synthetic fluorescent tools that are currently in researchers' hands and span virtually the entire spectrum, from the UV to visible and, further, to the near-infrared region. An overview of recent advances in site-directed introduction of synthetic fluorophores into target cellular objects is provided. Application of these fluorescent probes to the solution of a wide range of biological problems, in particular, to the determination of local ion concentrations and pH in living systems, is discussed.
在过去十年中，利用荧光标记对活体系统进行成像取得了重大进展。这一进展主要与荧光蛋白不同光谱变体的发现有关。然而，荧光蛋白技术有其自身的局限性，在某些情况下，使用低分子量荧光团更为可取。在本综述中，我们描述了目前研究人员手中的一系列合成荧光工具，这些工具几乎涵盖了从紫外光到可见光，再到近红外区域的整个光谱范围。本文还概述了将合成荧光团定点引入目标细胞对象的最新进展。讨论了这些荧光探针在解决广泛生物学问题中的应用，特别是在测定活体系统中的局部离子浓度和pH值方面的应用。
