de Beer M, Vrijkotte T G M, Fall C H D, van Eijsden M, Osmond C, Gemke R J B J
Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Apr;39(4):586-92. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.200. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
Growth and feeding during infancy have been associated with later life body mass index. However, the associations of infant feeding, linear growth and weight gain relative to linear growth with separate components of body composition remain unclear.
Of 5551 children with collected growth and infant-feeding data in a prospective cohort study (Amsterdam Born Children and their Development), body composition measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis at the age of 5-6 years was available for 2227 children. We assessed how feeding (duration of full breastfeeding and timing of introduction of complementary feeding) and conditional variables representing linear growth and relative weight gain were associated with childhood fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM).
Birth weight was positively associated with both FFM and FM in childhood, and more strongly with FFM than FM. Faster linear growth and faster relative weight gain at all ages in infancy were positively associated with childhood FFM and FM. The associations with FM were stronger for relative weight gain than for linear growth (FM z score: β coefficient 0.23 (95% con 0.19 to 0.26), P<0.001 and 0.14 (0.11 to 0.17), P<0.001 per s.d. change in relative weight gain and linear growth between 1 and 3 months, respectively). Compared with full breastfeeding <1 month, full breastfeeding >6 months was associated with lower FM (FM z score: -0.17 (-0.28 to -0.05), P=0.005) and lower FFM (FFM z score: -0.13 (-0.23 to -0.03), P=0.015), as was the introduction of complementary feeding >6 months (FM z score: -0.22 (-0.38 to -0.07), P=0.004), compared with <4 months.
Faster infant weight gain is associated with a healthier childhood body composition when it is caused by faster linear growth. Full breastfeeding >6 months and introduction of complementary feeding >6 months are associated with lower childhood FM.
婴儿期的生长和喂养与成年后的体重指数相关。然而，婴儿喂养、线性生长以及相对于线性生长的体重增加与身体成分各独立组成部分之间的关联尚不清楚。
在一项前瞻性队列研究（阿姆斯特丹出生儿童及其发育研究）中，收集了5551名儿童的生长和婴儿喂养数据，其中2227名儿童在5至6岁时使用生物电阻抗分析测量了身体成分。我们评估了喂养方式（纯母乳喂养持续时间和辅食添加时间）以及代表线性生长和相对体重增加的条件变量如何与儿童期去脂体重（FFM）和脂肪量（FM）相关。
出生体重与儿童期的FFM和FM均呈正相关，且与FFM的相关性强于FM。婴儿期各年龄段更快的线性生长和更快的相对体重增加与儿童期的FFM和FM呈正相关。相对体重增加与FM的关联比线性生长更强（FM z评分：每标准差相对体重增加和1至3个月线性生长变化的β系数分别为0.23（95%置信区间0.19至0.26），P<0.001和0.14（0.11至0.17），P<0.001）。与纯母乳喂养<1个月相比，纯母乳喂养>6个月与较低的FM（FM z评分：-0.17（-0.28至-0.05），P=0.005）和较低的FFM（FFM z评分：-0.13（-0.23至-0.03），P=0.015）相关，与<4个月相比，辅食添加>6个月也与较低的FM相关（FM z评分：-0.22（-0.38至-0.07），P=0.004）。
当婴儿体重增加较快是由更快的线性生长引起时，与更健康的儿童身体成分相关。纯母乳喂养>6个月和辅食添加>6个月与儿童期较低的FM相关。
