堇菜（Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb.）溶剂提取物通过抗氧化和膜稳定活性对四氯化碳诱导的毒性的肝保护作用。
Hepatoprotective effect of the solvent extracts of Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. against CCl induced toxicity through antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity.
作者信息
Khan Mir Azam, Ahmad Waqar, Ahmad Manzoor, Nisar Mohammad
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.
出版信息
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jan 5;17(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1537-7.
BACKGROUND
Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb. exhibits analgesic, antimalarial and antispasmodic activities. It is used folklorically for the treatment of liver diseases, hypertension, malaria and cancer. The current study investigates phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of solvent extracts of whole plant of Viola canescens.
METHODS
Phytochemicals, acute toxicity study and antioxidant activity of Viola canescens methanolic extract (VCME), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and partially purified EAF (90% EAF and combination of 80% EAF + 20% methanol fraction (EAF + Me) was carried out. Hepatoprotective activity of VCME, EAF (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and partially purified EAF (50 mg/kg body weight) was investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl) intoxicated BALB/c mice for 7 days. Membrane stabilization effect was determined by hypotonic solution induced hemolysis while DNA ladder assay was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
RESULTS
Phytochemical screening of VCME showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, tannins and triterpenes. VCME, EAF (at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and partially purified EAF (90% EAF and EAF + Me) at 50 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the level of ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and restored the level of serum protein in comparison to CCl treated group. A significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevation in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was observed in extract treated animals as compared to CCl (p < 0.05). The IC values in membrane stabilization potential for VCME, EAF and sodium salicylate were 3.7 ± 0.11, 3.4 ± 0.15 and 3.2 ± 0.09 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, CCl induced degradation of DNA was counteracted by VCME and EAF. The liver biopsy of mice treated with the solvent extracts showed remarkable restoration of normal histological archeitecture.
CONCLUSIONS
Viola canescens showed significant hepatoprotective potential due to its antioxidant and membrane stabilization effect.
背景
灰叶堇菜（Viola canescens Wall. ex. Roxb.）具有镇痛、抗疟疾和抗痉挛活性。民间用其治疗肝脏疾病、高血压、疟疾和癌症。本研究调查了灰叶堇菜全草溶剂提取物的植物化学成分、抗氧化和保肝活性。
方法
对灰叶堇菜甲醇提取物（VCME）、乙酸乙酯部位（EAF）以及部分纯化的EAF（90% EAF和80% EAF与20%甲醇部位的组合（EAF + Me））进行了植物化学成分分析、急性毒性研究和抗氧化活性研究。在四氯化碳（CCl）中毒的BALB/c小鼠中，连续7天研究了VCME、EAF（200和400 mg/kg体重）以及部分纯化的EAF（50 mg/kg体重）的保肝活性。通过低渗溶液诱导溶血测定膜稳定作用，通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行DNA梯状条带分析。
结果
VCME的植物化学成分筛选显示存在生物碱、酚类、黄酮类、皂苷、碳水化合物、单宁和三萜类。与CCl处理组相比，VCME、EAF（200和400 mg/kg体重）以及部分纯化的EAF（90% EAF和EAF + Me）在50 mg/kg体重时显著降低了ALT、ALP、总胆红素水平，并恢复了血清蛋白水平。与CCl处理组相比，提取物处理的动物中丙二醛（MDA）显著降低，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平升高（p < 0.05）。VCME、EAF和水杨酸钠的膜稳定潜力的IC值分别为3.7±0.11、3.4±0.15和3.2±0.09 mg/ml。同样，VCME和EAF抵消了CCl诱导的DNA降解。用溶剂提取物处理的小鼠肝脏活检显示正常组织学结构有显著恢复。
结论
灰叶堇菜因其抗氧化和膜稳定作用而具有显著的保肝潜力。
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