Danhauer Suzanne C, Addington Elizabeth L, Sohl Stephanie J, Chaoul Alejandro, Cohen Lorenzo
Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Support Care Cancer. 2017 Apr;25(4):1357-1372. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3556-9. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
Reviews of yoga research that distinguish results of trials conducted during (versus after) cancer treatment are needed to guide future research and clinical practice. We therefore conducted a review of non-randomized studies and randomized controlled trials of yoga interventions for children and adults undergoing treatment for any cancer type.
Studies were identified via research databases and reference lists. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) children or adults undergoing cancer treatment, (2) intervention stated as yoga or component of yoga, and (3) publication in English in peer-reviewed journals through October 2015. Exclusion criteria were the following: (1) samples receiving hormone therapy only, (2) interventions involving meditation only, and (3) yoga delivered within broader cancer recovery or mindfulness-based stress reduction programs.
Results of non-randomized (adult n = 8, pediatric n = 4) and randomized controlled trials (adult n = 13, pediatric n = 0) conducted during cancer treatment are summarized separately by age group. Findings most consistently support improvement in psychological outcomes (e.g., depression, distress, anxiety). Several studies also found that yoga enhanced quality of life, though further investigation is needed to clarify domain-specific efficacy (e.g., physical, social, cancer-specific). Regarding physical and biomedical outcomes, evidence increasingly suggests that yoga ameliorates sleep and fatigue; additional research is needed to advance preliminary findings for other treatment sequelae and stress/immunity biomarkers.
Among adults undergoing cancer treatment, evidence supports recommending yoga for improving psychological outcomes, with potential for also improving physical symptoms. Evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy of yoga in pediatric oncology. We describe suggestions for strengthening yoga research methodology to inform clinical practice guidelines.
需要对瑜伽研究进行综述，以区分癌症治疗期间（与治疗后）进行的试验结果，从而指导未来的研究和临床实践。因此，我们对针对任何癌症类型接受治疗的儿童和成人的瑜伽干预的非随机研究和随机对照试验进行了综述。
通过研究数据库和参考文献列表识别研究。纳入标准如下：（1）正在接受癌症治疗的儿童或成人；（2）干预措施表述为瑜伽或瑜伽的组成部分；（3）截至2015年10月在同行评审期刊上发表的英文文章。排除标准如下：（1）仅接受激素治疗的样本；（2）仅涉及冥想的干预措施；（3）在更广泛的癌症康复或基于正念的减压项目中提供的瑜伽。
按年龄组分别总结了癌症治疗期间进行的非随机研究（成人n = 8，儿科n = 4）和随机对照试验（成人n = 13，儿科n = 0）的结果。研究结果最一致地支持心理结果（如抑郁、痛苦、焦虑）的改善。几项研究还发现瑜伽提高了生活质量，不过需要进一步研究以阐明特定领域的疗效（如身体、社会、癌症特异性）。关于身体和生物医学结果，越来越多的证据表明瑜伽可改善睡眠和疲劳；需要更多研究来推进关于其他治疗后遗症和压力/免疫生物标志物的初步研究结果。
在接受癌症治疗的成年人中，有证据支持推荐瑜伽以改善心理结果，也有可能改善身体症状。证据不足以评估瑜伽在儿科肿瘤学中的疗效。我们描述了加强瑜伽研究方法以指导临床实践指南的建议。
