Ekmekci Perihan Elif
Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Turkey.
Ann Sports Med Res. 2016;3(7). Epub 2016 Sep 21.
The World Anti-Doping Code states that, there is an intrinsic value about sports that is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is reflected in values other than winning or being the first in any sports game. The spirit of sports includes ethics, fair play and honesty. Anti-doping practices are based on this ethical ground and supported all through the world. However, recently with the arguments that there is no substantial definition of the term "spirit of sports", and that the fights against doping is based on questionable ethical grounds consisting of dubious claims about fairness in sports and terms such as "level playing field". Medical ethics is involved in this discussion because of the crucial role of physicians in anti-doping policies and practices as well as developing and administering ergogenic substances or methods for athletes. This role of physicians raises ethical questions regarding physician-patient relationship, principle of non-male ficence, privacy and confidentiality of patient, and fairness and justice in the macro allocation of resources. The aim of this paper is to discuss ethical arguments on anti-doping practices and policies and, to further evaluate current anti-doping practices in the context of medical ethics.
《世界反兴奋剂条例》指出，体育具有内在价值，即对人类精神、身体和心灵的颂扬，这体现在任何体育比赛中除了获胜或成为第一之外的其他价值观中。体育精神包括道德、公平竞赛和诚实。反兴奋剂实践基于这一道德基础，并在全世界得到支持。然而，最近有人认为，“体育精神”一词没有实质性定义，而且反兴奋剂斗争基于可疑的道德理由，包括关于体育公平性的可疑主张以及“公平竞争环境”等术语。医学伦理学参与了这场讨论，因为医生在反兴奋剂政策和实践以及为运动员开发和管理提高运动成绩的物质或方法方面发挥着关键作用。医生的这一角色引发了关于医患关系、不伤害原则、患者隐私和保密以及资源宏观分配中的公平与正义等伦理问题。本文的目的是讨论关于反兴奋剂实践和政策的伦理争论，并在医学伦理学背景下进一步评估当前的反兴奋剂实践。
