Eskildsen Nanna Bjerg, Joergensen Clara Ruebner, Thomsen Thora Grothe, Ross Lone, Dietz Susanne Malchau, Groenvold Mogens, Johnsen Anna Thit
a Department of Psychology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.
b Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry , UK.
Acta Oncol. 2017 Feb;56(2):156-165. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2016.1267402. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
There is an increased attention to and demand for patient empowerment in cancer treatment and follow-up programs. Patient empowerment has been defined as feeling in control of or having mastery in relation to cancer and cancer care. This calls for properly developed questionnaires assessing empowerment from the user perspective. The aim of this review was to identify questionnaires and subscales measuring empowerment and manifestations of empowerment among cancer patients.
We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases. Empowerment and multiple search terms associated with empowerment were included. We included peer-reviewed articles published in English, which described questionnaires measuring empowerment or manifestations of empowerment in a cancer setting. In addition, the questionnaire had to be a patient-reported outcome measure for adult cancer patients.
Database searches identified 831 records. Title and abstract screening resulted in 482 records being excluded. The remaining 349 full text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. This led to the inclusion of 33 individual instruments measuring empowerment and manifestations of empowerment. Of these, only four were specifically developed to measure empowerment, and two were originally developed for the cancer setting, whereas the remaining two were developed elsewhere, but adapted to the cancer setting. The other 29 questionnaires were not intended to measure the concept of empowerment, but focused on patient-centered care, patient competence, self-efficacy, etc. However, they were included because part of the instrument (at least five items) was considered to measure empowerment or manifestations of empowerment.
Our study provides an overview of the available questionnaires, which can be used by researchers and practitioners who wish to measure the concept of empowerment among cancer patients. Very few questionnaires were explicitly developed to explore empowerment, and the review brings to light a significant lack of questionnaires that measure patient empowerment comprehensively.
在癌症治疗及后续项目中，患者赋权受到了越来越多的关注和需求。患者赋权被定义为对癌症及癌症护理有掌控感或精通感。这就需要从用户角度开发出合适的问卷来评估赋权情况。本综述的目的是识别用于测量癌症患者赋权及赋权表现的问卷和子量表。
我们对PubMed、PsycINFO和CINAHL数据库进行了系统检索。纳入了赋权以及与赋权相关的多个检索词。我们纳入了以英文发表的同行评审文章，这些文章描述了在癌症背景下测量赋权或赋权表现的问卷。此外，该问卷必须是针对成年癌症患者的患者报告结局测量工具。
数据库检索共识别出831条记录。通过标题和摘要筛选，排除了482条记录。检索并评估了其余349篇全文文章的 eligibility。这导致纳入了33种测量赋权及赋权表现的单独工具。其中，只有四种是专门为测量赋权而开发的，两种最初是为癌症背景开发的，而其余两种是在其他地方开发的，但经过了癌症背景的改编。其他29份问卷并非旨在测量赋权概念，而是侧重于以患者为中心的护理、患者能力、自我效能等。然而，它们被纳入是因为工具的一部分（至少五个项目）被认为可以测量赋权或赋权表现。
我们的研究提供了现有问卷的概述，希望测量癌症患者赋权概念的研究人员和从业者可以使用这些问卷。明确为探索赋权而开发的问卷非常少，该综述揭示了全面测量患者赋权的问卷严重缺乏的情况。
