旅行者与流感：风险与预防。
Travellers and influenza: risks and prevention.
机构信息
Institute for Tropical Diseases, Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Institute for Tropical Diseases, Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
J Travel Med. 2017 Jan 11;24(1). doi: 10.1093/jtm/taw078. Print 2017 Jan.
BACKGROUND
Influenza viruses are among the major causes of serious human respiratory tract infection worldwide. In line with the high disease burden attributable to influenza, these viruses play an important, but often neglected, role in travel medicine. Guidelines and recommendations regarding prevention and management of influenza in travellers are scarce. Of special interest for travel medicine are risk populations and also circumstances that facilitate influenza virus transmission and spread, like travel by airplane or cruise ship and mass gatherings.
METHODS
We conducted a PUBMED/MEDLINE search for a combination of the MeSH terms Influenza virus, travel, mass gathering, large scale events and cruise ship. In addition we gathered guidelines and recommendations from selected countries and regarding influenza prevention and management in travellers. By reviewing these search results in the light of published knowledge in the fields of influenza prevention and management, we present best practice advice for the prevention and management of influenza in travel medicine.
RESULTS
Seasonal influenza is among the most prevalent infectious diseases in travellers. Known host-associated risk factors include extremes of age and being immune-compromised, while the most relevant environmental factors are associated with holiday cruises and mass gatherings.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-travel advice should address influenza and its prevention for travellers, whenever appropriate on the basis of the epidemiological situation concerned. Preventative measures should be strongly recommended for travellers at high-risk for developing complications. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccination should be considered for any traveller wishing to reduce the risk of incapacitation, particularly cruise ship crew and passengers, as well as those participating in mass gatherings. Besides advice concerning preventive measures and vaccination, advice on the use of antivirals may be considered for some travellers.
背景
流感病毒是全球严重人类呼吸道感染的主要原因之一。鉴于流感造成的高疾病负担，这些病毒在旅行医学中发挥着重要但往往被忽视的作用。关于旅行者流感预防和管理的指南和建议很少。旅行医学特别关注的是高危人群，以及有利于流感病毒传播和扩散的情况，如乘飞机或游轮旅行和大型集会。
方法
我们对 MEDLINE 进行了 PUBMED 搜索，组合使用了 MeSH 术语“流感病毒”、“旅行”、“大型集会”、“大规模活动”和“游轮”。此外，我们还从选定的国家和流感预防管理方面的指南和建议中收集了信息。根据已发表的流感预防和管理知识，我们对这些搜索结果进行了审查，为旅行医学中流感的预防和管理提供了最佳实践建议。
结果
季节性流感是旅行者中最常见的传染病之一。已知与宿主相关的危险因素包括年龄极端和免疫功能低下，而最相关的环境因素与假日游轮和大型集会有关。
结论
应根据有关的流行病学情况，为旅行者提供有关流感及其预防的旅行前咨询。对于有发生并发症风险的旅行者，应强烈建议采取预防措施。此外，对于希望降低丧失能力风险的旅行者，特别是游轮船员和乘客以及参加大型集会的旅行者，应考虑接种季节性流感疫苗。除了有关预防措施和疫苗接种的建议外，还可以考虑为一些旅行者提供有关抗病毒药物使用的建议。
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