Sun Jun, Kato Ikuko
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Genes Dis. 2016 Jun;3(2):130-143. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Although genes contribute to colorectal cancer, the gut microbiota are an important player. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic infection and the ensuing inflammation contributes to tumor initiation and tumor progression. A variety of bacterial species and tumor-promoting virulence mechanisms have been investigated. Significant advances have been made in understanding the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and its roles in cancer. In the current review, we discuss the novel roles of microbiota in the progression of colon cancer. Although microbiota technically include organisms other than bacteria e.g., viruses and fungi, this review will primarily focus on bacteria. We summarize epidemiological studies of human microbiome and colon cancer. We discuss the progress in the scientific understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota, barrier function, and host responses in experimental models. Further, we discuss the potential application in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of colon cancer by targeting microbiota. We discuss the challenges lie ahead and the future direction in studying gut microbiome in colon cancer to close the gap between the basic sciences and clinical application.
尽管基因与结直肠癌有关，但肠道微生物群也是一个重要因素。越来越多的证据表明，慢性感染及随之而来的炎症会促进肿瘤的发生和发展。人们已经对多种细菌种类和促肿瘤毒力机制进行了研究。在了解肠道微生物群的组成、功能以及其在癌症中的作用方面已经取得了重大进展。在本综述中，我们讨论微生物群在结肠癌进展中的新作用。虽然从技术上讲，微生物群包括细菌以外的生物体，如病毒和真菌，但本综述将主要关注细菌。我们总结了人类微生物组与结肠癌的流行病学研究。我们讨论了在实验模型中对肠道微生物群、屏障功能和宿主反应之间相互作用的科学理解进展。此外，我们讨论了通过针对微生物群在结肠癌预防、诊断和治疗中的潜在应用。我们讨论了未来面临的挑战以及研究结肠癌肠道微生物组的未来方向，以弥合基础科学与临床应用之间的差距。
