Waal-Manning H J, de Hamel F A
N Z Med J. 1978 Sep 13;88(619):188-91.
During the Milton health survey subjects completed a psychometric inventory consisting of the 48 questions of the Middlesex Hospital questionnaire (MHQ) and 26 from the hostility and direction of hostility questionnaire (HDHQ) designed to examine nine psychological dimensions. The 1209 subjects were classified into smoking categories and the scores for each psychometric trait were calculated. Women scored higher than men and heavy smokers scored higher than "never smokers". The psychometric traits and the scores of the four smoking categories after correcting for age and Quetelet's index showed statistically significant differences by analysis of variance in respect of somatic anxiety and depression for both men and women; and free-floating anxiety, phobic anxiety, hysteria, acting out hostility, self criticism and guilt in women. For somatic anxiety the increase in score almost exactly paralleled the increasing quantity of tobacco consumed.
在米尔顿健康调查中，受试者完成了一份心理测量量表，该量表由米德尔塞克斯医院问卷（MHQ）的48个问题和敌意与敌意方向问卷（HDHQ）的26个问题组成，旨在考察九个心理维度。1209名受试者被分为不同的吸烟类别，并计算了每个心理测量特征的得分。女性得分高于男性，重度吸烟者得分高于“从不吸烟者”。在校正年龄和克托莱指数后，四个吸烟类别的心理测量特征和得分经方差分析显示，男性和女性在躯体焦虑和抑郁方面存在统计学显著差异；女性在自由浮动焦虑、恐惧焦虑、癔症、外化敌意、自我批评和内疚方面也存在差异。对于躯体焦虑，得分的增加几乎与烟草消费量的增加完全平行。
