Henning Robert J, Johnson Giffe T, Coyle Jayme P, Harbison Raymond D
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, The James A. Haley Hospital, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612-3805, USA.
Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2017 Jul;17(3):227-236. doi: 10.1007/s12012-016-9396-5.
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.
丙烯醛是一种高反应性不饱和醛，在汽油、柴油燃料、香烟、木材和塑料燃烧过程中形成。此外，在使用油脂烹饪或油炸食物时也会产生丙烯醛。丙烯醛还用于许多有机化学品的合成，并作为农业和工业供水系统中的杀生剂。据估计，美国所有来源的丙烯醛总排放量为每年62,660吨。美国环境保护局将丙烯醛列为高度优先的空气和水污染物。丙烯醛经吸入、摄入和皮肤接触后可产生剂量依赖性的毒性作用。基于体外和体内研究，心血管组织对丙烯醛的毒性作用尤为敏感。丙烯醛可在心脏中产生游离氧自由基应激，降低内皮型一氧化氮合酶磷酸化和一氧化氮生成，与心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞蛋白形成细胞质和核蛋白加合物，并导致血管痉挛。通过这种方式，长期接触丙烯醛可导致心肌细胞功能障碍、心肌细胞坏死和凋亡，最终导致心肌病和心力衰竭。应开展丙烯醛暴露与毒性的流行病学研究，并制定预防或显著限制丙烯醛心血管毒性的治疗策略。
