Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0020-2016.
Life, as we know it, would not be possible without light. Light is not only a primary source of energy, but also an important source of information for many organisms. To sense light, only a few photoreceptor systems have developed during evolution. They are all based on an organic molecule with conjugated double bonds that allows energy transfer from visible (or UV) light to its cognate protein to translate the primary physical photoresponse to cell-biological actions. The three main classes of receptors are flavin-based blue-light, retinal-based green-light (such as rhodopsin), and linear tetrapyrrole-based red-light sensors. Light not only controls the behavior of motile organisms, but is also important for many sessile microorganisms including fungi. In fungi, light controls developmental decisions and physiological adaptations as well as the circadian clock. Although all major classes of photoreceptors are found in fungi, a good level of understanding of the signaling processes at the molecular level is limited to some model fungi. However, current knowledge suggests a complex interplay between light perception systems, which goes far beyond the simple sensing of light and dark. In this article we focus on recent results in several fungi, which suggest a strong link between light-sensing and stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases.
没有光，我们所知道的生命将不复存在。光不仅是主要的能量来源，也是许多生物体重要的信息来源。为了感知光，在进化过程中只发展出了少数几种光受体系统。它们都是基于具有共轭双键的有机分子，允许能量从可见光（或紫外线）转移到相应的蛋白质，将原始的物理光响应转化为细胞生物学作用。三种主要的受体类型是基于黄素的蓝光、基于视黄醛的绿光（如视紫红质）和基于线性四吡咯的红光传感器。光不仅控制着运动生物的行为，而且对许多包括真菌在内的固着微生物也很重要。在真菌中，光控制着发育决策和生理适应以及生物钟。虽然所有主要的光受体类型都存在于真菌中，但对分子水平上信号转导过程的深入了解仅限于一些模式真菌。然而，目前的知识表明，光感知系统之间存在着复杂的相互作用，这远远超出了对光和暗的简单感知。本文重点介绍了几种真菌的最新研究结果，这些结果表明光感应与应激激活的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶之间存在紧密联系。
