Clayton Bronwyn Anne
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia.
Curr Opin Virol. 2017 Feb;22:97-104. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.12.003. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Nipah virus is a recently-recognised, zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe disease and high fatality rates in people. Outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, India and Bangladesh, and a putative Nipah virus was also recently associated with human disease in the Philippines. Worryingly, human-to-human transmission is common in Bangladesh, where outbreaks occur with near-annual frequency. Onward human transmission of Nipah virus in Bangladesh is associated with close contact with clinically-unwell patients or their infectious secretions. While Nipah virus isolates associated with outbreaks of human infection have not resulted in sustained transmission to date, specific exposures carry a high risk of person-to-person transmission, an observation which is supported by recent findings in animal models. Novel paramyxoviruses continue to emerge from wildlife hosts, and represent an ongoing threat to human health globally.
尼帕病毒是一种最近才被确认的人畜共患副粘病毒，可导致人类患上严重疾病并出现高死亡率。马来西亚、新加坡、印度和孟加拉国均已出现疫情，最近在菲律宾也发现一种疑似尼帕病毒与人类疾病有关。令人担忧的是，在孟加拉国，人际传播很常见，疫情几乎每年都会发生。在孟加拉国，尼帕病毒的人际传播与密切接触临床不适患者或其传染性分泌物有关。虽然迄今为止，与人类感染疫情相关的尼帕病毒毒株尚未导致持续传播，但特定暴露会带来很高的人际传播风险，动物模型的最新研究结果也证实了这一观察结果。新型副粘病毒不断从野生动物宿主中出现，对全球人类健康构成持续威胁。
