Brownscombe Jacob W, Cooke Steven J, Danylchuk Andy J
Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
Oecologia. 2017 Mar;183(3):689-699. doi: 10.1007/s00442-016-3800-5. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
Animal behavior and energy expenditure often vary significantly across the landscape, and quantifying energy expenditure over space and time provides mechanistic insight into ecological dynamics. Yet, spatiotemporal variability in energy expenditure has rarely been explored in fully aquatic species such as fish. Our objective was to quantify spatially explicit energy expenditure for a tropical marine teleost fish, bonefish (Albula vulpes), to examine how bonefish energetics vary across landscape features and temporal factors. Using a swim tunnel respirometer, we calibrated acoustic accelerometer transmitters implanted in bonefish to estimate their metabolic rates and energy expenditure, and applied this technology in situ using a fine-scale telemetry system on a heterogeneous reef flat in Puerto Rico. Bonefish energy expenditure varied most among habitats, with significant interactions between habitat and temporal factors (i.e., diel period, tide state, season). The energy expenditure was generally highest in shallow water habitats (i.e., seagrass and reef crest). Variation in activity levels was the main driver of these differences in energy expenditure, which in shallow, nearshore habitats is likely related to foraging. Bonefish moderate energy expenditure across seasonal fluctuations in temperature, by selectively using shallow nearshore habitats at moderate water temperatures that correspond with their scope for activity. Quantifying how animals expend energy in association with environmental and ecological factors can provide important insight into behavioral ecology, with implications for bioenergetics models.
动物行为和能量消耗在整个景观中常常有显著差异，量化时空上的能量消耗能为生态动力学提供机理方面的见解。然而，能量消耗的时空变异性在鱼类等完全水生的物种中很少被探究。我们的目标是量化一种热带海洋硬骨鱼——北梭鱼（Albula vulpes）在空间上明确的能量消耗，以研究北梭鱼的能量学如何随景观特征和时间因素而变化。我们使用游泳隧道呼吸计，对植入北梭鱼体内的声学加速度计发射器进行校准，以估计它们的代谢率和能量消耗，并利用一个精细尺度遥测系统，在波多黎各一个异质的礁坪上现场应用这项技术。北梭鱼的能量消耗在不同栖息地之间差异最大，栖息地和时间因素（即昼夜时段、潮汐状态、季节）之间存在显著的相互作用。能量消耗通常在浅水栖息地（即海草床和礁顶）最高。活动水平的变化是这些能量消耗差异的主要驱动因素，在浅水近岸栖息地，这可能与觅食有关。北梭鱼通过在与它们的活动范围相对应的适度水温下选择性地利用浅水近岸栖息地，来调节能量消耗以应对季节性的温度波动。量化动物如何与环境和生态因素相关联地消耗能量，能够为行为生态学提供重要见解，对生物能量学模型也有影响。
