Gomes Mariana Janini, Martinez Paula Felippe, Pagan Luana Urbano, Damatto Ricardo Luiz, Cezar Marcelo Diacardia Mariano, Lima Aline Regina Ruiz, Okoshi Katashi, Okoshi Marina Politi
Botucatu Medical School, Internal Medicine Departament, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):20428-20440. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14670.
Skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly. Sarcopenia is the main alteration occurring during senescence and a key public health issue as it predicts frailty, poor quality of life, and mortality. Several factors such as reduced physical activity, hormonal changes, insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, appetite loss, and nutritional deficiencies are involved in the physiopathology of muscle changes. Sarcopenia is characterized by structural, biochemical, molecular and functional muscle changes. An imbalance between anabolic and catabolic intracellular signaling pathways and an increase in oxidative stress both play important roles in muscle abnormalities. Currently, despite the discovery of new targets and development of new drugs, nonpharmacological therapies such as physical exercise and nutritional support are considered the basis for prevention and treatment of age-associated muscle abnormalities. There has been an increase in information on signaling pathways beneficially modulated by exercise; nonetheless, studies are needed to establish the best type, intensity, and frequency of exercise to prevent or treat age-induced skeletal muscle alterations.
骨骼肌异常是导致老年人严重残疾的原因。肌肉减少症是衰老过程中发生的主要变化，也是一个关键的公共卫生问题，因为它预示着身体虚弱、生活质量差和死亡率。身体活动减少、激素变化、胰岛素抵抗、遗传易感性、食欲减退和营养缺乏等多种因素参与了肌肉变化的病理生理过程。肌肉减少症的特征是肌肉在结构、生化、分子和功能方面的变化。合成代谢和分解代谢细胞内信号通路之间的失衡以及氧化应激的增加在肌肉异常中都起着重要作用。目前，尽管发现了新的靶点并开发了新的药物，但体育锻炼和营养支持等非药物疗法仍被视为预防和治疗与年龄相关的肌肉异常的基础。关于运动有益调节的信号通路的信息有所增加；尽管如此，仍需要开展研究以确定预防或治疗年龄引起的骨骼肌改变的最佳运动类型、强度和频率。
