Shin Moon-Kyung, Kim Yoo-Sun, Kim Jung-Hyun, Kim Sung-Hoon, Kim Yuri
Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
Clin Nutr Res. 2015 Oct;4(4):216-24. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.216. Epub 2015 Oct 31.
The aim of this study was to examine dietary pattern, nutritional intake, and diet quality of Korean pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Between October 2008 and May 2012, 166 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM completed a questionnaire and dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record. Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were measured and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Two major dietary patterns ("carbohydrate and vegetable" and "western" patterns) were identified through factor analysis. Dietary pattern scores for each dietary pattern were categorized into tertiles. The dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) was used to measure overall diet quality. Subjects with higher carbohydrate and vegetable pattern scores reported less physical activity (p < 0.05) and have higher diastolic blood pressure levels (p = 0.05). After adjusting for age and energy intake, higher carbohydrate and vegetable pattern scores were associated with higher sodium intakes (p = 0.02), but lower intakes of fat (p = 0.002) and other micronutrients. On the other hand, higher western pattern scores were associated with higher fat intake (p = 0.0001), but lower intakes of sodium (p = 0.01) and other micronutrients. Higher scores for both dietary patterns were associated with lower scores in the moderation category of the DQI-I (p < 0.0001). HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly lower among participants with high DQI-I than those with low DQI-I (p < 0.05). The study findings suggest that many Korean women with GDM do not consume nutritionally adequate or balanced diets, regardless of dietary pattern.
本研究旨在调查患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的韩国孕妇的饮食模式、营养摄入和饮食质量。2008年10月至2012年5月期间，166名被诊断为GDM的孕妇完成了一份问卷，并通过3天饮食记录评估饮食摄入量。测量血压、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）浓度，并进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。通过因子分析确定了两种主要饮食模式（“碳水化合物和蔬菜”模式和“西方”模式）。每种饮食模式的饮食模式得分被分为三分位数。使用国际饮食质量指数（DQI-I）来衡量整体饮食质量。碳水化合物和蔬菜模式得分较高的受试者报告的身体活动较少（p<0.05），舒张压水平较高（p=0.05）。在调整年龄和能量摄入后，较高的碳水化合物和蔬菜模式得分与较高的钠摄入量相关（p=0.02），但脂肪（p=0.002）和其他微量营养素的摄入量较低。另一方面，较高的西方模式得分与较高的脂肪摄入量相关（p=0.0001），但钠（p=0.01）和其他微量营养素的摄入量较低。两种饮食模式的得分越高，与DQI-I适度类别中的得分越低相关（p<0.0001）。DQI-I高的参与者的HbA1c和空腹血糖水平显著低于DQI-I低的参与者（p<0.05）。研究结果表明，许多患有GDM的韩国女性无论饮食模式如何，都没有摄入营养充足或均衡的饮食。
