Marinova Irina, Spiliotis Markus, Wang Junhua, Muhtarov Marin, Chaligiannis Ilias, Sotiraki Smaro, Rainova Iskra, Gottstein Bruno, Boubaker Ghalia
Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Parasitol Res. 2017 Mar;116(3):1043-1054. doi: 10.1007/s00436-017-5386-1. Epub 2017 Jan 21.
Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) is highly endemic in Bulgaria, there is still scarce information about species and/or genotypes of the Echinococcus granulosus complex that infect humans. Our study tackled the genetic diversity of E. granulosus complex in a cohort of 30 Bulgarian CE patients. Ten animal E. granulosus isolates from neighboring Greece were additionally included. Specimens were comparatively analyzed for partial sequences of five mitochondrial (mt) (cox I, nad I, rrnS, rrnL, and atp6) and three nuclear (nc) genes (act II, hbx 2, and ef-1α) using a PCR-sequencing approach. All 30 Bulgarian isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and were showing identical sequences for each of the three examined partial nc gene markers. Based upon concatenated sequences from partial mtDNA markers, we detected 10 haplotypes: 6 haplotypes (H1-H6) clustering with E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and 4 haplotypes (H9-H13) grouping with E. granulosus s.s. (G3), with H1 and H10 being the most frequent in Bulgarian patients. The haplotypes H1, H4, and H11 were also present in Greek hydatid cyst samples of animal origin. In conclusion, E. granulosus s.s. (G1 and G3 genotypes) is the only causative agent found so far to cause human CE in Bulgaria. However, further studies including larger sample sizes and other additional geographic regions in Bulgaria will have to be performed to confirm our results.
尽管囊性棘球蚴病（CE）在保加利亚是高度地方性流行疾病，但关于感染人类的细粒棘球绦虫复合体的种类和/或基因型的信息仍然很少。我们的研究探讨了30名保加利亚CE患者队列中细粒棘球绦虫复合体的遗传多样性。另外还纳入了来自邻国希腊的10株动物细粒棘球绦虫分离株。使用PCR测序方法对五个线粒体（mt）基因（cox I、nad I、rrnS、rrnL和atp6）和三个核（nc）基因（act II、hbx 2和ef-1α）的部分序列进行了比较分析。所有30株保加利亚分离株均被鉴定为狭义细粒棘球绦虫（s.s.），并且在所检测的三个部分nc基因标记中的每一个上都显示出相同的序列。基于部分mtDNA标记的串联序列，我们检测到10种单倍型：6种单倍型（H1-H6）与狭义细粒棘球绦虫（G1）聚类，4种单倍型（H9-H13）与狭义细粒棘球绦虫（G3）分组，其中H1和H10在保加利亚患者中最为常见。单倍型H1、H4和H11也存在于动物源的希腊包虫囊肿样本中。总之，狭义细粒棘球绦虫（G1和G3基因型）是迄今为止在保加利亚发现的导致人类CE的唯一病原体。然而，还需要进行包括更大样本量和保加利亚其他地理区域的进一步研究来证实我们的结果。
