Kada Olivia, Hedenik Marina, Griesser Anna, Mark Anna-Theresa, Trost Julia
Studiengang Gesundheits- und Pflegemanagement, FH Kärnten, Hauptplatz 12, 9560, Feldkirchen i. K., Österreich.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Aug;51(6):628-635. doi: 10.1007/s00391-017-1188-4. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
The terms "quality of life" and "health" are often used interchangeably even though there are indications to suggest that they are distinct constructs. Nevertheless, studies which would help to understand the difference between these constructs on the level of subjective theories of nursing home residents are lacking. Because nursing personnel can essentially contribute to the quality of life of residents, the comparison of subjective theories from residents and from nursing personnel can help to detect and understand potential discrepancies.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 pairs of residents and their nursing personnel. Based on the approach of Fliege and Filipp (2000) one half of the respondents answered the questions using the term "quality of life" and the other half using the term "health". In addition, quality of life and health had to be rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS), whereby residents rated themselves and nurses rated the corresponding resident. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis in a team-based approach. Following a mixed methods approach the deductively developed main categories and the inductively developed subcategories were quantified and statistically analyzed together with the VAS ratings.
Quality of life was more strongly associated with psychological, social and environmental aspects, whereas health more strongly evoked thoughts on physical functioning. This effect was stronger in nursing personnel, which can be explained by their role concept. In future scientific studies the terms should be used accurately, as they elicit different associations. The term "quality of life" seems to be more suitable to adequately reflect the adaptability of elderly people.
“生活质量”和“健康”这两个术语经常被互换使用，尽管有迹象表明它们是不同的概念。然而，目前缺乏有助于从养老院居民主观理论层面理解这些概念差异的研究。由于护理人员对居民的生活质量有重要影响，比较居民和护理人员的主观理论有助于发现和理解潜在差异。
对31对居民及其护理人员进行了半结构化访谈。根据弗利格和菲利浦（2000年）的方法，一半受访者使用“生活质量”一词回答问题，另一半使用“健康”一词。此外，生活质量和健康必须通过视觉模拟量表（VAS）进行评分，居民对自己进行评分，护士对相应居民进行评分。采用基于团队的定性内容分析法对数据进行分析。采用混合方法，将演绎得出的主要类别和归纳得出的子类别与VAS评分一起进行量化和统计分析。
生活质量与心理、社会和环境方面的关联更强，而健康更能引发对身体功能的思考。这种影响在护理人员中更为明显，这可以从他们的角色观念来解释。在未来的科学研究中，应准确使用这些术语，因为它们会引发不同的联想。“生活质量”一词似乎更适合充分反映老年人的适应能力。
