Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Curr Biol. 2017 Feb 6;27(3):345-358. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.018. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
Animals face the daunting task of controlling their limbs using a small set of highly constrained actuators. This problem is particularly demanding for insects such as Drosophila, which must adjust wing motion for both quick voluntary maneuvers and slow compensatory reflexes using only a dozen pairs of muscles. To identify strategies by which animals execute precise actions using sparse motor networks, we imaged the activity of a complete ensemble of wing control muscles in intact, flying flies. Our experiments uncovered a remarkably efficient logic in which each of the four skeletal elements at the base of the wing are equipped with both large phasically active muscles capable of executing large changes and smaller tonically active muscles specialized for continuous fine-scaled adjustments. Based on the responses to a broad panel of visual motion stimuli, we have developed a model by which the motor array regulates aerodynamically functional features of wing motion. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
动物面临着使用一小部分高度受限的执行器来控制肢体的艰巨任务。对于像果蝇这样的昆虫来说，这个问题尤其具有挑战性，它们必须只用十几对肌肉来调整翅膀运动，既要进行快速的自愿机动，又要进行缓慢的补偿反射。为了确定动物使用稀疏运动网络执行精确动作的策略，我们对完整的翅膀控制肌肉进行了成像，这些肌肉在完整的飞行果蝇中具有活性。我们的实验揭示了一种非常有效的逻辑，即翅膀基部的四个骨骼元素都配备了既能进行大的相位活跃肌肉运动，又能进行小的紧张活跃肌肉运动的肌肉，这些肌肉专门用于进行连续的精细尺度调整。基于对广泛的视觉运动刺激的反应，我们开发了一种模型，通过该模型，运动数组可以调节机翼运动的空气动力功能特征。视频摘要。
