Golicki Dominik, Niewada Maciej
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Arch Med Sci. 2017 Feb 1;13(1):191-200. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.52126. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
The new, five-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire has better psychometric properties than the standard three-level version (EQ-5D-3L), including a reduced ceiling effect. Currently, there are few existing population norms for the EQ-5D-5L. The aims of this study were to provide population norms for the EQ-5D-5L in Poland, based on a representative sample of adults, and to compare those with norms from other countries.
Members of the general public, selected through multistage stratified sampling, filled in paper-and-pencil EQ-5D-5L questionnaires in the presence of an interviewer. EQ-5D-5L index values were estimated using an interim value set, based on a crosswalk methodology. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the EQ-5D-5L index. The distribution of answers was obtained for the descriptive part of the EQ-5D-5L.
The sample was representative of the Polish population in terms of age, gender, geographical region, education, and socio-professional group. Population norms were developed based on 3963 questionnaires with no missing data. At least one slight, moderate, severe, and extreme health limitation was reported by 61.5%, 31.1%, 12.4%, and 1.6% of the respondents, respectively. Polish society is characterized by poorer health, as compared to its direct neighbor, Germany, especially with regard to the individuals' perception of pain, as well as anxiety and depression.
Polish population norms for the EQ-5D-5L should encourage clinicians, economists, and policymakers in Poland to use this questionnaire on a broader scale.
EQ-5D（EQ-5D-5L）问卷的全新五级版本比标准的三级版本（EQ-5D-3L）具有更好的心理测量特性，包括天花板效应降低。目前，EQ-5D-5L现有的总体常模较少。本研究的目的是基于具有代表性的成年人样本，提供波兰EQ-5D-5L的总体常模，并将其与其他国家的常模进行比较。
通过多阶段分层抽样选取的普通公众在访员在场的情况下填写纸质EQ-5D-5L问卷。基于交叉方法，使用临时值集估计EQ-5D-5L指数值。计算EQ-5D-5L指数的描述性统计量。获取EQ-5D-5L描述部分的答案分布情况。
该样本在年龄、性别、地理区域、教育程度和社会职业群体方面代表了波兰人口。基于3963份无缺失数据的问卷制定了总体常模。分别有61.5%、31.1%、12.4%和1.6%的受访者报告至少存在一种轻度、中度、重度和极重度健康限制。与直接邻国德国相比，波兰社会的健康状况较差，尤其是在个人对疼痛以及焦虑和抑郁的感知方面。
波兰EQ-5D-5L的总体常模应鼓励波兰的临床医生、经济学家和政策制定者更广泛地使用该问卷。
