Bodas Moran, Siman-Tov Maya, Kreitler Shulamith, Peleg Kobi
1The Department of Disaster Medicine,School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel-Aviv University,Israel.
2Israel National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine Research,The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research,Sheba Medical Center,Tel Hashomer,Ramat-Gan,Israel.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017 Aug;11(4):451-459. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2016.163. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Preparedness for emergencies and disasters is imperative for public resilience. Previous studies have revealed low levels of civilian preparedness for conflicts. Classic behavioral models prove inapt in describing preparedness patterns in victimized populations chronically exposed to this threat. In an effort to expand this perspective, we hypothesized that other psychological constructs are correlated with preparedness.
A cross-sectional, Internet-based study was performed in Israel in early 2016. A sociodemographically diverse sample included 385 participants, Jews and Arabs. The tools included a preparedness index, sense of preparedness questionnaire, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Life Orientation Test, Behavioral Inhibition & Activation System scales, and ego defenses.
The results suggested that optimistic and rational individuals reported significantly higher levels of preparedness, whereas those who scored highly on the trait anxiety scale and those with a tendency to use denial coping mechanisms reported significantly lower levels of preparedness.
The findings suggest that additional constructs, other than classic threat perception components, might play a key role in governing preparedness behavior. In particular, psychological manipulation of dispositional optimism or optimistic thinking might be effective in motivating preparedness behavior. Future research should explore such innovative ways to promoting preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:451-459).
对突发事件和灾难做好准备对于公众的适应能力至关重要。先前的研究表明，民众对冲突的准备水平较低。经典行为模型被证明不适用于描述长期面临这种威胁的受害人群的准备模式。为了拓展这一视角，我们假设其他心理结构与准备状态相关。
2016年初在以色列进行了一项基于互联网的横断面研究。一个社会人口统计学上具有多样性的样本包括385名参与者，有犹太人和阿拉伯人。所使用的工具包括一个准备指数、准备感问卷、特质焦虑量表、生活取向测试、行为抑制与激活系统量表以及自我防御机制。
结果表明，乐观和理性的个体报告的准备水平显著更高，而那些在特质焦虑量表上得分高的人和那些倾向于使用否认应对机制的人报告的准备水平显著更低。
研究结果表明，除了经典的威胁感知成分外，其他结构可能在支配准备行为方面发挥关键作用。特别是，对性格乐观或乐观思维的心理调节可能有效地激发准备行为。未来的研究应该探索这种促进准备的创新方法。（《灾难医学与公共卫生准备》。2017年；11：451 - 459）
