Veling Harm, Chen Zhang, Tombrock Merel C, Verpaalen Iris A M, Schmitz Laura I, Dijksterhuis Ap, Holland Rob W
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2017 Jun;23(2):204-215. doi: 10.1037/xap0000112. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Many people find it hard to change their dietary choices. Food choice often occurs impulsively, without deliberation, and it has been unclear whether impulsive food choice can be experimentally created. Across 3 exploratory and 2 confirmatory preregistered experiments we examined whether impulsive food choice can be trained. Participants were cued to make motor responses upon the presentation of, among others, healthy and sustainable food items. They subsequently selected these food items more often for actual consumption when they needed to make their choices impulsively as a result of time pressure. This effect disappeared when participants were asked to think about their choices, merely received more time to make their choices, or when choosing required attention to alternatives. Participants preferred high to low valued food items under time pressure and without time pressure, suggesting that the impulsive choices reflect valid preferences. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to train impulsive choices for food items while leaving deliberative choices for these items unaffected, and connect research on attention training to dual-process theories of decision making. The present research suggests that attention training may lead to behavioral change only when people behave impulsively. (PsycINFO Database Record
许多人发现很难改变他们的饮食选择。食物选择往往是冲动做出的，未经深思熟虑，而且冲动性食物选择是否可以通过实验创造出来尚不清楚。在3个探索性实验和2个预先注册的验证性实验中，我们研究了冲动性食物选择是否可以被训练。参与者在看到包括健康和可持续食品在内的物品时，会被提示做出运动反应。随后，当他们由于时间压力需要冲动做出选择时，他们会更频繁地选择这些食物用于实际消费。当参与者被要求思考他们的选择、仅仅获得更多时间做出选择或者选择需要关注其他选项时，这种效应就会消失。在有时间压力和没有时间压力的情况下，参与者都更喜欢高价值食物而非低价值食物，这表明冲动性选择反映了有效的偏好。这些发现表明，有可能训练对食物的冲动性选择，同时不影响对这些食物的深思熟虑的选择，并将注意力训练的研究与决策的双过程理论联系起来。本研究表明，只有当人们冲动行事时，注意力训练才可能导致行为改变。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
