Patterson Sheila K, Kim Hyeun Bum, Borewicz Klaudyna, Isaacson Richard E
Department of Pathobiology,University of Illinois,Urbana,IL 61801,USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences,University of Minnesota,St. Paul,MN 55108,USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2016 Dec;17(2):159-168. doi: 10.1017/S1466252316000165.
Salmonella enterica is an important food borne pathogen that is frequently carried by swine. Carrier animals pose a food safety risk because they can transmit S. enterica to finished food products in the processing plant or by contamination of the environment. Environmental contamination has become increasingly important as non-animal foods (plant-based) have been implicated as sources of S. enterica. The prevalence of S. enterica in swine is high and yet carrier animals remain healthy. S. enterica has developed a highly sophisticated set of virulence factors that allow it to adapt to host environments and to cause disease. It is assumed that S. enterica also has developed unique ways to maintain itself in animals and yet not cause disease. Here we describe our research to understand persistence. Specifically, data are presented that demonstrates that detection of most carrier animals requires specific stresses that cause S. enterica to be shed from pigs. As well, we describe a phenotypic phase variation process that appears to be linked to the carrier state and a complex set of factors that control phenotypic phase variation. Finally, we describe how the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome may contribute to persistence and at the least how S. enterica might alter the composition of the gut bacterial microbiome.
肠炎沙门氏菌是一种重要的食源性病原体，猪常常携带该病菌。携带病菌的动物会构成食品安全风险，因为它们可在加工厂将肠炎沙门氏菌传播到成品食品中，或者污染环境。随着非动物源性食品（植物性食品）被认为是肠炎沙门氏菌的来源，环境污染问题变得越来越重要。肠炎沙门氏菌在猪中的流行率很高，但携带病菌的动物仍保持健康。肠炎沙门氏菌已形成一套高度复杂的毒力因子，使其能够适应宿主环境并引发疾病。据推测，肠炎沙门氏菌还形成了在动物体内存活但不引发疾病的独特方式。在此，我们描述我们为了解病菌持续性所开展的研究。具体而言，所呈现的数据表明，检测大多数携带病菌的动物需要特定应激，这些应激会导致肠炎沙门氏菌从猪体内排出。此外，我们描述了一个似乎与携带状态相关的表型相变过程以及控制表型相变的一组复杂因素。最后，我们描述肠道细菌微生物群的组成如何可能有助于病菌的持续性，以及至少肠炎沙门氏菌可能如何改变肠道细菌微生物群的组成。
