Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H9.
School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2016 Dec 2;38(4):e496-e503. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv177.
This research examined differences in perceptions of heart disease compared with breast cancer and if the differences are reflected in media presentations of the diseases. Relationships of differences in perceptions to demographic groups, heart disease risk factors and health behaviors were examined.
Study 1 was a quantitative content analysis of articles and advertisements related to heart disease or breast cancer.
There were greater perceptions of susceptibility, preventability and controllability of heart disease and lower perceptions regarding seriousness, fearfulness and extent to which family history determines disease development of heart disease compared with breast cancer. Five times more pieces related to breast cancer were found compared with heart disease. Study 2 was a survey of 1524 women. More articles and advertisements about breast cancer than heart disease were found, and survey participants reported seeing significantly more breast cancer than heart disease media. Younger women had greater perceived susceptibility of breast cancer relative to heart disease while the content analysis revealed that the heart disease pieces were more likely to feature women older than 40 years of age.
This research is an important step in the development of theories regarding causal effects of media on health perceptions and behaviors.
本研究考察了人们对心脏病和乳腺癌的认知差异，以及这些差异是否反映在媒体对这两种疾病的呈现方式上。研究还考察了认知差异与人口统计学群体、心脏病风险因素和健康行为之间的关系。
研究 1 是对与心脏病或乳腺癌相关的文章和广告进行的定量内容分析。
与乳腺癌相比，人们对心脏病的易感性、可预防性和可控制性的认知更高，而对其严重性、恐惧程度以及家族病史对疾病发展的影响的认知则较低。研究发现，与心脏病相关的文章和广告相比，与乳腺癌相关的文章和广告多出了五倍。研究 2 是对 1524 名女性进行的调查。研究发现，关于乳腺癌的文章和广告比心脏病的多，而且调查参与者报告称，他们看到的乳腺癌媒体比心脏病媒体多得多。与心脏病相比，年轻女性对乳腺癌的易感性更高，而内容分析则表明，心脏病的文章更倾向于以 40 岁以上的女性为特色。
这项研究是发展关于媒体对健康认知和行为的因果影响理论的重要一步。
