Demmelmair Hans, Koletzko Berthold
Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrens Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 München, Germany.
Division of Metabolism and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Childrens Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 München, Germany.
Clin Perinatol. 2017 Mar;44(1):151-164. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
Animal studies show that the lactation period contributes to metabolic programming of the offspring and that oral leptin and insulin show bioactivity. Stage of lactation, duration of gestation, maternal body composition, and maternal diet seem to influence the concentrations of small molecules in human milk. Variability of small molecule concentrations seems higher in preterm milk than in term milk. Insulin in human milk shows concentrations similar to plasma. Leptin concentration is lower in milk than in plasma and reflects maternal body mass index. Early in lactation, leptin could contribute to mediating the association between maternal and infant body composition.
动物研究表明，哺乳期对后代的代谢编程有影响，并且口服瘦素和胰岛素具有生物活性。哺乳期阶段、妊娠期时长、母体身体组成和母体饮食似乎会影响人乳中小分子的浓度。早产母乳中小分子浓度的变异性似乎高于足月母乳。人乳中的胰岛素浓度与血浆中的相似。母乳中的瘦素浓度低于血浆中的，且反映了母体体重指数。在哺乳期早期，瘦素可能有助于介导母体和婴儿身体组成之间的关联。
