Boudry Gaëlle, Charton Elise, Le Huerou-Luron Isabell, Ferret-Bernard Stéphanie, Le Gall Sophie, Even Sergine, Blat Sophie
Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Saint-Gilles, France.
UMR STLO INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, France.
Front Nutr. 2021 Mar 22;8:629740. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.629740. eCollection 2021.
The assembly of the newborn's gut microbiota during the first months of life is an orchestrated process resulting in specialized microbial ecosystems in the different gut compartments. This process is highly dependent upon environmental factors, and many evidences suggest that early bacterial gut colonization has long-term consequences on host digestive and immune homeostasis but also metabolism and behavior. The early life period is therefore a "window of opportunity" to program health through microbiota modulation. However, the implementation of this promising strategy requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing gut microbiota assembly. Breastfeeding has been associated with a healthy microbiota in infants. Human milk is a complex food matrix, with numerous components that potentially influence the infant microbiota composition, either by enhancing specific bacteria growth or by limiting the growth of others. The objective of this review is to describe human milk composition and to discuss the established or purported roles of human milk components upon gut microbiota establishment. Finally, the impact of maternal diet on human milk composition is reviewed to assess how maternal diet could be a simple and efficient approach to shape the infant gut microbiota.
新生儿肠道微生物群在生命最初几个月的组装是一个精心编排的过程，会在不同的肠道区域形成专门的微生物生态系统。这个过程高度依赖环境因素，许多证据表明，早期肠道细菌定植对宿主消化和免疫稳态以及代谢和行为都有长期影响。因此，生命早期是通过调节微生物群来规划健康的“机会窗口”。然而，实施这一有前景的策略需要深入了解控制肠道微生物群组装的机制。母乳喂养与婴儿健康的微生物群有关。母乳是一种复杂的食物基质，有许多成分可能会影响婴儿微生物群的组成，要么通过促进特定细菌的生长，要么通过限制其他细菌的生长。这篇综述的目的是描述母乳的成分，并讨论母乳成分在肠道微生物群建立过程中已确定的或据称的作用。最后，综述了母亲饮食对母乳成分的影响，以评估母亲饮食如何成为塑造婴儿肠道微生物群的一种简单而有效的方法。
