da Silva Ronivaldo Rodrigues
Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2017 Sep;183(1):1-19. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2427-2. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
Submerged and solid-state bioprocesses have been extensively explored worldwide and employed in a number of important studies dealing with microbial cultivation for the production of enzymes. The development of these production technologies has facilitated the generation of new enzyme-based products with applications in pharmaceuticals, food, bioactive peptides, and basic research studies, among others. The applicability of microorganisms in biotechnology is potentiated because of their various advantages, including large-scale production, short time of cultivation, and ease of handling. Currently, several studies are being conducted to search for new microbial peptidases with peculiar biochemical properties for industrial applications. Bioprospecting, being an important prerequisite for research and biotechnological development, is based on exploring the microbial diversity for enzyme production. Limited information is available on the production of specific proteolytic enzymes from bacterial and fungal species, especially on the subgroups threonine and glutamic peptidases, and the seventh catalytic type, nonhydrolytic asparagine peptide lyase. This gap in information motivated the present study about these unique biocatalysts. In this study, the biochemical and biotechnological aspects of the seven catalytic types of proteolytic enzymes, namely aspartyl, cysteine, serine, metallo, glutamic, and threonine peptidase, and asparagine peptide lyase, are summarized, with an emphasis on new studies, production, catalysis, and application of these enzymes.
深层发酵和固态发酵生物工艺已在全球范围内得到广泛探索，并应用于许多涉及微生物培养以生产酶的重要研究中。这些生产技术的发展促进了新型酶基产品的产生，这些产品应用于制药、食品、生物活性肽以及基础研究等领域。微生物在生物技术中的适用性因其多种优势而得到增强，包括大规模生产、培养时间短以及易于操作。目前，正在进行多项研究以寻找具有独特生化特性的新型微生物肽酶用于工业应用。生物勘探作为研究和生物技术发展的重要前提，基于探索微生物多样性以生产酶。关于从细菌和真菌物种中生产特定蛋白水解酶的信息有限，尤其是关于苏氨酸和谷氨酸肽酶亚组以及第七种催化类型——非水解天冬酰胺肽裂解酶的信息。这一信息空白促使了本研究对这些独特生物催化剂的开展。在本研究中，总结了七种催化类型的蛋白水解酶，即天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、金属、谷氨酸、苏氨酸肽酶以及天冬酰胺肽裂解酶的生化和生物技术方面，重点是这些酶的新研究、生产、催化和应用。
