Corey Kristin L, McCurry Mary K
College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA.
Nurs Philos. 2017 Oct;18(4). doi: 10.1111/nup.12170. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
There are innumerable social and ethical factors which affect one's decision to become an informal caregiver for someone with chronic illness. The existential philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre provides unique insight into human motivation and choice. The purpose of this paper was to examine the social and ethical influences on the individual's decision to become a caregiver through the lens of Sartrean existentialism and discuss how this unique philosophy can advance nursing knowledge. The factors affecting one's choice to become a caregiver were considered using the Sartrean existential concepts of The Other, human freedom, choice, bad faith, shame and authenticity. When explored through the perspective of Sartrean existentialism, the choice to become a caregiver is strongly influenced by fear of judgement from The Other and the resulting sense of social obligation and shame. However, the interaction with The Other often results in the loss of authenticity through the pursuit of bad faith. To avert bad faith, potential caregivers must act authentically by exercising their freedom to choose and by choosing an action for its own sake and not for some extraneous purpose. The results of this philosophical inquiry contribute to nursing knowledge by providing a unique, alternative perspective by which nurses may understand the choices of potential caregivers and support them in making authentic decisions. This perspective may provide a foundation for theory development and promote further nursing knowledge which will improve caregiver health and well-being.
有无数的社会和伦理因素会影响一个人决定成为慢性病患者的非正式照料者。让-保罗·萨特的存在主义哲学为人类动机和选择提供了独特的见解。本文的目的是通过萨特存在主义的视角审视影响个人成为照料者决定的社会和伦理因素，并讨论这种独特的哲学如何能推进护理知识。使用萨特存在主义关于“他人”、人类自由、选择、自欺、羞耻和本真性的概念来考量影响一个人选择成为照料者的因素。当从萨特存在主义的视角进行探究时，成为照料者的选择受到对来自“他人”的评判的恐惧以及由此产生的社会义务感和羞耻感的强烈影响。然而，与“他人”的互动往往会因追求自欺而导致本真性的丧失。为了避免自欺，潜在的照料者必须通过行使他们的自由选择权并为了行为本身而非某个外在目的来选择行动，从而真实地行动。这一哲学探究的结果通过提供一个独特的、可供选择的视角，使护士能够理解潜在照料者的选择并支持他们做出真实的决定，从而为护理知识做出了贡献。这一视角可能为理论发展奠定基础，并促进进一步的护理知识，进而改善照料者的健康和福祉。
