解释诵读困难症中的性别差异。
Explaining the sex difference in dyslexia.
作者信息
Arnett Anne B, Pennington Bruce F, Peterson Robin L, Willcutt Erik G, DeFries John C, Olson Richard K
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Clinical Child Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
出版信息
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;58(6):719-727. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12691. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Males are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples. This may be explained by greater variance in males' reading performance.
METHODS
We expand on previous research by rigorously testing the variance difference theory, and testing for mediation of the sex difference by cognitive correlates. We developed an analytic framework that can be applied to group differences in any psychiatric disorder.
RESULTS
Males' overrepresentation in the low performance tail of the reading distribution was accounted for by mean and variance differences across sex. There was no sex difference at the high performance tail. Processing speed (PS) and inhibitory control partially mediated the sex difference. Verbal reasoning emerged as a strength in males.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results complement a previous finding that PS partially mediates the sex difference in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and helps explain the sex difference in both dyslexia and ADHD and their comorbidity.
摘要
背景
即使在流行病学样本中，男性被诊断为诵读困难的频率也高于女性。这可能是由于男性阅读表现的差异更大。
方法
我们通过严格测试方差差异理论，并测试认知相关因素对性别差异的中介作用，对先前的研究进行了扩展。我们开发了一个分析框架，可应用于任何精神疾病的群体差异。
结果
阅读分布低表现尾部中男性的过度占比是由性别间的均值和方差差异造成的。在高表现尾部没有性别差异。处理速度（PS）和抑制控制部分介导了性别差异。言语推理成为男性的优势。
结论
我们的结果补充了先前的一项发现，即处理速度部分介导了注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状中的性别差异，并有助于解释诵读困难和ADHD中的性别差异及其共病情况。
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