National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Inj Prev. 2018 Feb;24(1):5-11. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042263. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
To analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends.
Analyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan.
In comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a higher proportion of those exposed to pods (n=1649) were managed in hospital (68% vs 42%), had clinical effects (75% vs 22%) and moderate/high severity outcomes (13% vs <1%). Exposure rates were stable over time for traditional detergents (average 0.65 cases/day), but an abrupt decline in major company pods was seen in December 2012, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging (from 1.03 to 0.36 cases/day and from 1.88 to 0.86 cases/million units sold). The odds of clinical effects was higher for exposure to pods than for traditional detergents (OR=10.8; 95% CI 9.0 to 12.9). Among patients exposed to pods, the odds of moderate/high severity outcomes was four times higher for children aged <1 years than for the other age groups (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.2 to 7.0). Ten children exposed to laundry detergent pods had high severity outcomes while no children exposed to traditional laundry detergents developed high severity effects.
The study confirms that exposure to laundry detergent pods is more dangerous than exposure to traditional detergents. In Italy, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging by a major company, product-specific exposure rates decreased sharply, suggesting that reducing visibility of laundry detergent pods may be an effective preventive measure. Further efforts are needed to improve safety.
分析意大利儿科人群接触 Pod 洗衣液和传统洗衣液的情况，以及接触趋势的变化。
对 2010 年 9 月至 2015 年 6 月期间米兰国家中毒控制中心识别的 1649 名接触 Pod 洗衣液的年龄＜5 岁的患儿进行系列分析。
与接触传统洗衣液的患儿（n=1150）相比，接触 Pod 洗衣液的患儿（n=1649）中更多的患儿需要住院治疗（68%比 42%），有临床效应（75%比 22%）和中/重度严重程度结局（13%比＜1%）。传统洗衣液的暴露率随时间保持稳定（平均每天 0.65 例），但在引入不透明外包装后 4 个月，即 2012 年 12 月，主要公司的 Pod 洗衣液的暴露率显著下降（从每天 1.03 例降至 0.36 例，从每百万个销售单位 1.88 例降至 0.86 例）。与接触传统洗衣液相比，接触 Pod 洗衣液的患儿发生临床效应的几率更高（比值比=10.8；95%置信区间 9.0 至 12.9）。在接触 Pod 洗衣液的患儿中，年龄＜1 岁患儿发生中/重度严重程度结局的几率是其他年龄组的 4 倍（比值比=3.9；95%置信区间 2.2 至 7.0）。10 名接触洗衣液 Pod 的患儿出现严重后果，而没有接触传统洗衣液的患儿出现严重后果。
该研究证实，接触洗衣液 Pod 比接触传统洗衣液更危险。在一家主要公司引入不透明外包装后 4 个月，意大利特定产品的暴露率急剧下降，这表明降低洗衣液 Pod 的可见度可能是一种有效的预防措施。还需要进一步努力提高安全性。
