Schultz Amy A, Schauer Jamie J, Malecki Kristen Mc
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Environ Res. 2017 May;155:77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.039. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Exposure to multiple types of air pollution may contribute to and exacerbate allergic diseases including asthma and wheezing. However, few studies have examined chronic air pollution exposure and allergic disease outcomes among an adult population. Associations between potential estimates of annual average fine particulate matter (PM), traffic related air pollution, and industrial source air emissions and three allergic disease outcomes (asthma, allergies and wheezing) were examined in a state-wide general population of adults.
The study includes a representative sample of 3381 adult Wisconsin residents who participated in the 2008-2013 Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) program. Participant data were geographically linked to The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Baysian space-time downscaler air pollution model for PM, the United States Census roadway, and USEPA's Toxic Release Inventory data. Self-report and lung function (FEV1) estimates were used to define prevalence of asthma, allergies and wheezing symptoms.
Annual mean exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) was between 6.59 and 15.14μg/m. An increase of 5μg/m in the annual mean PM resulted in a 3.58 (2.36, 5.43) increase in the adjusted odds (95% CI) of having asthma. Exposure to vehicle traffic increased the odds of both current allergies [OR (95% CI)=1.35 (1.07, 1.35)] and current asthma [OR (95% CI)=1.51 (1.14, 2.00)]. Living within 300m of an Interstate roadway was associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of asthma. Those living within 800m of an industrial site were 47% more likely to have asthma. No significant associations were seen with wheezing.
Within this population exposed to overall annual average levels of estimated low level chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) at or near 12μg/m, the USEPA standard for air quality, significant association between both modeled PM2.5 exposure and proximity to roadways with asthma and allergies but not wheezing were found. Industrial source emissions were not associated with any allergic disease outcomes.
接触多种类型的空气污染可能会导致并加剧包括哮喘和喘息在内的过敏性疾病。然而，很少有研究调查成年人群中长期接触空气污染与过敏性疾病结局之间的关系。我们在一个全州范围的成年普通人群中，研究了年平均细颗粒物（PM）的潜在估计值、与交通相关的空气污染以及工业源空气排放与三种过敏性疾病结局（哮喘、过敏和喘息）之间的关联。
该研究包括3381名参与2008 - 2013年威斯康星州健康调查（SHOW）项目的威斯康星州成年居民的代表性样本。参与者的数据在地理上与美国环境保护局（USEPA）用于PM的贝叶斯时空降尺度空气污染模型、美国人口普查道路数据以及USEPA的有毒物质排放清单数据相关联。通过自我报告和肺功能（FEV1）估计值来确定哮喘、过敏和喘息症状的患病率。
年平均细颗粒物（PM）暴露量在6.59至15.14μg/m之间。年平均PM每增加5μg/m，患哮喘的校正比值（95%可信区间）增加3.58（2.36，5.43）。接触车辆交通会增加当前过敏[比值比（95%可信区间）=1.35（1.07，1.35）]和当前哮喘[比值比（95%可信区间）=1.51（1.14，2.00）]的几率。居住在州际公路300米范围内与哮喘几率增加3倍相关。居住在工业场地800米范围内的人患哮喘的可能性要高47%。未发现与喘息有显著关联。
在这个总体年平均暴露水平估计处于或接近美国环境保护局空气质量标准12μg/m的低水平慢性细颗粒物（PM）暴露人群中，发现模型化的PM2.5暴露以及靠近道路与哮喘和过敏之间存在显著关联，但与喘息无关。工业源排放与任何过敏性疾病结局均无关联。
