Iaia F Marcello, Fiorenza Matteo, Larghi Luca, Alberti Giampietro, Millet Grégoire P, Girard Olivier
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 15;12(2):e0171462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171462. eCollection 2017.
The present study compared the effects of two repeated-sprint training (RST) programs, differing in duration of the between-sprint rest intervals, on various soccer-related exercise performances. For 5 weeks during the competitive season, twenty-nine young trained male soccer players either replaced two of their habitual fitness conditioning sessions with RST characterized by short (5-15; n = 9) or long (5-30; n = 10) rest intervals, or served as control (n = 10). The 5-15 and 5-30 protocols consisted of 6 repetitions of 30-m (5 s) straight-line sprints interspersed with 15 s or 30 s of passive recovery, respectively. 5-15 improved 200-m sprint time (2.0±1.5%; p<0.05) and had a likely positive impact on 20-m sprint performance, whereas 5-30 lowered the 20-m sprint time (2.7±1.6%; p<0.05) but was only possibly effective for enhancing the 200-m sprint performance. The distance covered during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 2 increased following 5-15 (11.4±5.0%; p<0.05), which was possibly better than the non-significant 6.5% enhancement observed in 5-30. Improvements in the total time of a repeated-sprint ability test were possibly greater following 5-30 (3.6±0.9%; p<0.05) compared to 5-15 (2.6±1.1%; p<0.05). Both RST interventions led to similar beneficial (p<0.05) reductions in the percentage decrement score (30%) of the repeated-sprint ability test as well as in blood lactate concentration during submaximal exercise (17-18%). No changes occurred in the control group. In soccer players, RST over a 5-week in-season period is an efficient means to simultaneously develop different components of fitness relevant to match performance, with different benefits induced by shorter compared to longer rest intervals.
本研究比较了两种重复冲刺训练（RST）方案对各种足球相关运动表现的影响，这两种方案的冲刺间歇休息时间不同。在比赛赛季的5周时间里，29名年轻的受过训练的男性足球运动员，要么用短休息间隔（5 - 15秒；n = 9）或长休息间隔（5 - 30秒；n = 10）的RST替代他们惯常的两个体能训练课程，要么作为对照组（n = 10）。5 - 15方案和5 - 30方案均由6次30米（约5秒）的直线冲刺组成，分别穿插15秒或30秒的被动恢复时间。5 - 15方案使200米冲刺时间缩短（2.0±1.5%；p<0.05），并可能对20米冲刺表现产生积极影响，而5 - 30方案降低了20米冲刺时间（2.7±1.6%；p<0.05），但对提高200米冲刺表现可能仅具有一定效果。在5 - 15方案后，Yo - Yo间歇恢复测试2级的跑动距离增加（11.4±5.0%；p<0.05），这可能比5 - 30方案中观察到的无显著意义的6.5%的提高更好。与5 - 15方案（2.6±1.1%；p<0.05）相比，5 - 30方案后重复冲刺能力测试的总时间改善可能更大（3.6±0.9%；p<0.05）。两种RST干预措施均使重复冲刺能力测试的百分比下降得分（约30%）以及亚最大运动期间的血乳酸浓度产生了相似的有益降低（p<0.05）（降低了17 - 18%）。对照组未出现变化。对于足球运动员来说，在赛季内进行为期5周的RST是同时发展与比赛表现相关的不同体能成分的有效方法，较短休息间隔与较长休息间隔相比会带来不同的益处。
