Filipčič Aleš, Leskošek Bojan, Munivrana Goran, Ochiana Gabriela, Filipčič Tjaša
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia; Sports Science and Medical Committee, International Table Tennis Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Jan 30;55:117-125. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0011. eCollection 2017 Jan 1.
This study investigated tennis players' speed before, during and after the split-step, deceleration before and acceleration after the split-step in four different stroke groups in three age categories. Seven male professional, eleven male and ten female junior tennis players were recorded with video cameras at official tournaments. Using the SAGIT system, we gathered data on 8,545 split-steps. Tennis players performed a split-step in 82.9% of cases. A tennis player's speed, deceleration and acceleration were measured 0.2 s before and after the split-step. Differences between categories and stroke groups for each of the five variables were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA. The differences between the groups of players were generally much higher in the speed before, during and after the split-step than in the deceleration before and acceleration after the split-step. Most of these differences were observed between the various stroke groups. These results suggest that players use three types of movement while performing a split-step. In the first type, which is typical of serving and returning, the speed before, during and after the split-step is lower (0.55 to 1.2 m/s). The second type of movement is characteristic of baseline strokes where tennis players achieve higher speed than in the first type (0.7 to 1.66 m/s). The third type occurs in strokes where a tennis player is moving or already at the net (0.78 to 1.9 m/s). Movement in tennis is an area that requires constant development in terms of designing and upgrading movement patterns, increasing speed and practice in specific game situations.
本研究调查了三个年龄组中四个不同击球类型的网球运动员在分腿垫步前、期间和之后的速度，以及分腿垫步前的减速和分腿垫步后的加速情况。在官方赛事中，用摄像机记录了7名男性职业网球运动员、11名男性和10名女性青少年网球运动员的情况。使用SAGIT系统，我们收集了8545次分腿垫步的数据。网球运动员在82.9%的情况下会进行分腿垫步。在分腿垫步前0.2秒和后0.2秒测量网球运动员的速度、减速和加速情况。对五个变量中的每一个变量在类别和击球类型之间的差异进行双向方差分析。运动员组之间在分腿垫步前、期间和之后的速度差异通常比分腿垫步前的减速和分腿垫步后的加速差异大得多。这些差异大多出现在不同的击球类型之间。这些结果表明，运动员在进行分腿垫步时使用三种类型的动作。在第一种类型中，这是发球和回球的典型动作，分腿垫步前、期间和之后的速度较低（0.55至1.2米/秒）。第二种动作类型是底线击球的特征，网球运动员在这种动作中达到的速度比第一种类型更高（0.7至1.66米/秒）。第三种类型出现在网球运动员正在移动或已经在网前的击球中（0.78至1.9米/秒）。网球运动中的动作是一个需要在设计和升级动作模式、提高速度以及在特定比赛情况下进行练习方面不断发展的领域。
