a Laboratory for Road Operations, Perception, Simulators and Simulation, IFSTTAR , Université Paris-Est , France.
b CIAMS , Université Paris-Saclay , France.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Sep;37(17):1962-1971. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1609392. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
This study investigated split-step timing when returning serves and whether this timing is related to neuromechanical capabilities in world-class tennis players. In Experiment 1, the split-step timing of four groups of world-class players (male and female ATP/WTA seniors, and ITF juniors) was measured on court when returning serves of the same level players. The four groups initiated the split-step at a similar time, starting around the time ball-racket contact in the serve stroke and landed when early ball-flight information was available. In Experiment 2, the neuromechanical capabilities (leg stiffness and vertical jump performance) of a group of world-class players and three groups of less-skilled tennis players were examined. The results showed an increase in leg stiffness with an increase in the level of expertise. A cross-experiment analysis in world-class male players (ATP/ITF, n = 10) revealed that the timing of initial foot movement was significantly correlated with the leg stiffness (r = 0.54), with later lateral step after the serve in the players who had higher stiffness. The findings support the hypothesis that world-class tennis players adapt perceptual-motor control on the basis of their neuromechanical capabilities and maximise the time before initiating their interceptive action to rely on more reliable information.
本研究调查了回发球时的分步计时，以及这种计时是否与世界级网球运动员的神经力学能力有关。在实验 1 中，在球场上测量了四组世界级运动员（男性和女性 ATP/WTA 高级组和 ITF 青少年组）在回发球时的分步计时，当他们回发球时，所有组别的运动员开始分步的时间相似，都是在发球挥拍时球和球拍接触的前后，并且在早期球飞行信息可用时落地。在实验 2 中，研究了一组世界级运动员和三组技术水平较低的网球运动员的神经力学能力（腿部刚度和垂直跳跃表现）。结果表明，腿部刚度随着专业水平的提高而增加。对世界级男性运动员（ATP/ITF，n = 10）的跨实验分析表明，初始脚部移动的时间与腿部刚度显著相关（r = 0.54），在发球后那些刚度较高的运动员的横向步伐会更靠后。这些发现支持了这样一种假设，即世界级网球运动员根据他们的神经力学能力来调整感知运动控制，并在开始拦截动作之前最大化时间，以依赖更可靠的信息。
