Fortes Ana M, Gallusci Philippe
Faculdade de Ciências, Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal.
UMR EGFV, Université de Bordeaux, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin Villenave-d'Ornon, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Feb 6;8:82. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00082. eCollection 2017.
Epigenetic marks include Histone Post-Translational Modifications and DNA methylation which are known to participate in the programming of gene expression in plants and animals. These epigenetic marks may be subjected to dynamic changes in response to endogenous and/or external stimuli and can have an impact on phenotypic plasticity. Studying how plant genomes can be epigenetically shaped under stressed conditions has become an essential issue in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and enabling epigenetic in addition to genetic factors to be considered when breeding crop plants. In this perspective, we discuss the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms to our understanding of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This regulation of gene expression in response to environment raises important biological questions for perennial species such as grapevine which is asexually propagated and grown worldwide in contrasting and environmental conditions. However, most species used for epigenomic studies are annual herbaceous plants, and epigenome dynamics has been poorly investigated in perennial woody plants, including grapevine. In this context, we propose grape as an essential model for epigenetic and epigenomic studies in perennial woody plants of agricultural importance.
表观遗传标记包括组蛋白翻译后修饰和DNA甲基化，已知它们参与动植物基因表达的编程。这些表观遗传标记可能会因内源性和/或外部刺激而发生动态变化，并可能影响表型可塑性。为了更好地理解植物应激反应的分子机制，并在培育作物时除了考虑遗传因素外还能考虑表观遗传因素，研究植物基因组在胁迫条件下如何进行表观遗传塑造已成为一个至关重要的问题。从这个角度来看，我们讨论了表观遗传机制对我们理解植物对生物和非生物胁迫反应的贡献。这种响应环境的基因表达调控对多年生植物（如葡萄）提出了重要的生物学问题，葡萄通过无性繁殖在全球不同的环境条件下生长。然而，用于表观基因组研究的大多数物种是一年生草本植物，而在包括葡萄在内的多年生木本植物中，表观基因组动态研究很少。在这种情况下，我们提出葡萄作为农业上重要的多年生木本植物表观遗传和表观基因组研究的重要模型。
