Loayza-Alarico Manuel J, Lescano Andres G, Suarez-Ognio Luis A, Ramirez-Prada Gladys M, Blazes David L
Dirección General de Epidemiología; Peruvian Ministry of Health; Lima, Peru.
Emerging Infections and Parasitology Departments; US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6); Lima, Peru; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Lima, Peru.
Disaster Health. 2013 Apr 1;1(2):102-109. doi: 10.4161/dish.27283. eCollection 2013 Apr-Dec.
Natural disasters with minimal human mortality rarely capture headlines but occur frequently and result in significant morbidity and economic loss. We compared the epidemic activity observed after a flood, an earthquake, and volcanic activity in Peru. Following post-disaster guidelines, healthcare facilities and evacuation centers surveyed 10-12 significant health conditions for ~45 days and compared disease frequency with Poisson regression. The disasters affected 20,709 individuals and 15% were placed in evacuation centers. Seven deaths and 6,056 health conditions were reported (mean: 0.29 per person). Health facilities reported fewer events than evacuation centers (0.06-0.24 vs. 0.65-2.02, < 0.001) and disease notification increased 1.6 times after the disasters (95% CI: 1.5-1.6). Acute respiratory infections were the most frequent event (41-57%) and psychological distress was second/third (7.6% to 14.3%). Morbidity increased after disasters without substantial casualties, particularly at evacuation centers, with frequent respiratory infections and psychological distress. Post-disaster surveillance is valuable even after low-mortality events.
人员死亡率极低的自然灾害很少成为头条新闻，但却频繁发生，并导致严重的发病率和经济损失。我们比较了秘鲁洪水、地震和火山活动后观察到的疫情活动情况。按照灾后指导方针，医疗保健机构和疏散中心在约45天内对10至12种重大健康状况进行了调查，并通过泊松回归比较了疾病发生率。这些灾害影响了20,709人，其中15%被安置在疏散中心。报告了7例死亡和6,056例健康状况（平均每人0.29例）。医疗机构报告的事件少于疏散中心（0.06 - 0.24对0.65 - 2.02，<0.001），灾害后疾病报告增加了1.6倍（95%置信区间：1.5 - 1.6）。急性呼吸道感染是最常见的事件（41% - 57%），心理困扰位居第二或第三（7.6%至14.3%）。在没有大量人员伤亡的灾害后发病率增加，尤其是在疏散中心，呼吸道感染和心理困扰频发。即使在低死亡率事件之后，灾后监测也很有价值。
