Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio street 21, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vasaros street 5, LT-10309, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Psychiatr Q. 2017 Dec;88(4):865-877. doi: 10.1007/s11126-017-9502-2.
Psychological factors have been described as important for tinnitus severity, but attempts to incorporate them in one picture are sparse. This study investigated to what extent traits (personality), states (depressive and anxiety symptoms), sociodemographic factors and questioning environment influence tinnitus severity perception and how they interplay. Data were obtained from 212 subjects in a survey that was undertaken in 2016 at Vilnius University hospital and via internet. Measures included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Big Five Personality Dimensions Scale and sociodemographic questions. A series of stepwise forward and multiple regression analyses were undertaken to discover how factors interconnect. Female gender, age, living in rural area, but not level of education, were found to be associated with THI and HADS. Total HADS score and of both subscales were linked to scores on THI, VAS scales and all personality traits, except agreeableness (and consciousness for anxiety). Anxiety was the most important predictor for tinnitus severity, followed by depressive symptoms. Only neuroticism from personality dimensions was a predictor of THI score, whereas THI scores did not predict scores on neuroticism. All results in scales were higher in the internet group, except agreeableness and neuroticism, while extroversion correlated negatively with THI score only in the hospital group. Tinnitus severity was highly correlated with depressive, anxiety symptoms and neuroticism. Respondents recruited through internet had higher scores on most parameters. Results emphasize the importance of psychological factors in tinnitus management.
心理因素已被描述为与耳鸣严重程度相关的重要因素，但将它们纳入一个整体的尝试却很少。本研究旨在探讨特质（人格）、状态（抑郁和焦虑症状）、社会人口因素和询问环境在多大程度上影响耳鸣严重程度的感知，以及它们是如何相互作用的。数据来自 2016 年在维尔纽斯大学医院和互联网上进行的一项调查中的 212 名受试者。测量包括耳鸣残疾量表（THI）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）、大五人格维度量表和社会人口学问题。进行了一系列逐步向前和多元回归分析，以发现因素是如何相互关联的。女性、年龄、居住在农村地区，但不是教育程度，与 THI 和 HADS 有关。总 HADS 评分和两个分量表的评分与 THI、VAS 量表和所有人格特质的评分相关，除了宜人性（和焦虑意识）。焦虑是耳鸣严重程度最重要的预测因素，其次是抑郁症状。只有人格维度中的神经质是 THI 评分的预测因素，而 THI 评分不能预测神经质评分。除了宜人性和神经质外，互联网组在所有量表中的得分都较高，而外向性仅在医院组中与 THI 评分呈负相关。耳鸣严重程度与抑郁、焦虑症状和神经质高度相关。通过互联网招募的受访者在大多数参数上的得分较高。研究结果强调了心理因素在耳鸣管理中的重要性。
