增强式跳跃训练对个人项目运动员身体素质的影响：一项系统评价与荟萃分析
Plyometric jump training effects on the physical fitness of individual-sport athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
作者信息
Sole Silvia, Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo, Andrade David C, Sanchez-Sanchez Javier
机构信息
Faculty of Nursery and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
GRECS Research Group, IrB Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2021 Mar 1;9:e11004. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11004. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on the physical fitness of individual sport athletes (ISA).
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched through PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS electronic databases. We included controlled studies that incorporated a PJT intervention among ISA (with no restriction for age or sex), that included a pre-to-post intervention assessment of physical fitness (e.g., sprint; jump). From the included studies, relevant data (e.g., PJT and participants characteristics) was extracted. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the PEDro scale. Using a random-effects model, meta-analyses for a given outcome was conducted. Means and standard deviations for a measure of pre-post-intervention physical fitness from the PJT and control groups were converted to Hedges' g effect size (ES). Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistic. The risk of bias was explored using the extended Egger's test. The statistical significance threshold was set at < 0.05. Moderator analyses were conducted according to the sex, age and sport background of the athletes.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies of moderate-high methodological quality were included (total participants, = 667). Compared to controls, PJT improved vertical jump (ES = 0.49; < 0.001; = 0.0%), linear sprint (ES = 0.23; = 0.032; = 10.9%), maximal strength (ES = 0.50; < 0.001; = 0.0%) and endurance performance (ES = 0.30; = 0.028; = 11.1%). No significant effect was noted for sprint with change of direction (ES = 0.34; = 0.205; = 70.9%). Athlete's sex, age and sport background had no modulator role on the effect of PJT on vertical jump, linear sprint, maximal strength and endurance performance. Among the included studies, none reported adverse effects related to the PJT intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
PJT induces small improvements on ISA physical fitness, including jumping, sprinting speed, strength and endurance.
背景
本研究旨在进行一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以探讨增强式跳跃训练（PJT）对个人项目运动员（ISA）身体素质的影响。
方法
按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南，我们检索了PubMed、科学网和Scopus电子数据库。我们纳入了在ISA中进行PJT干预的对照研究（对年龄或性别无限制），这些研究包括对身体素质进行干预前至干预后的评估（如短跑；跳跃）。从纳入的研究中提取相关数据（如PJT和参与者特征）。我们使用PEDro量表评估纳入研究的方法学质量。使用随机效应模型，对给定结果进行荟萃分析。将PJT组和对照组干预前至干预后的身体素质测量的均值和标准差转换为Hedges'g效应量（ES）。使用 统计量评估异质性。使用扩展的Egger检验探讨偏倚风险。统计学显著性阈值设定为 < 0.05。根据运动员的性别、年龄和运动背景进行调节分析。
结果
纳入了26项方法学质量为中高的研究（总参与者， = 667）。与对照组相比，PJT改善了垂直跳跃（ES = 0.49； < 0.001； = 0.0%）、直线短跑（ES = 0.23； = 0.032； = 10.9%）、最大力量（ES = 0.50； < 0.001； = 0.0%）和耐力表现（ES = 0.30； = 0.028； = 11.1%）。变向短跑未观察到显著效果（ES = 0.34； = 0.205； = 70.9%）。运动员的性别、年龄和运动背景对PJT对垂直跳跃、直线短跑、最大力量和耐力表现的影响没有调节作用。在纳入的研究中，没有报告与PJT干预相关的不良反应。
结论
PJT可使ISA的身体素质有小幅改善，包括跳跃、短跑速度、力量和耐力。
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