Fischer Kerstin, Pinho Dos Reis Vinícius, Balkema-Buschmann Anne
Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Viruses. 2017 Feb 21;9(2):34. doi: 10.3390/v9020034.
Bats belong to the order Chiroptera that represents the second largest order of mammals with more than 1200 species and an almost global distribution. Environmental changes and deforestation have severely influenced many ecosystems, intensifying the contact between wildlife and humans. In recent years, bats have been found to harbor a number of different viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as a great diversity of astroviruses, for which the question of zoonotic potential remains unanswered to date. Human astroviruses have been identified as the causative agent for diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. For a long time, astroviruses have been considered to be strictly species-specific. However, a great genetic diversity has recently been discovered among animal and human astroviruses that might indicate the potential of these viruses to cross species barriers. Furthermore, our knowledge about the tissue tropism of astroviruses has been expanded to some neurotropic strains that have recently been shown to be responsible for encephalitis in humans and livestock. This review gives an overview on what is known about astroviruses in bats, humans and livestock, especially bovines and pigs. Future research activities are suggested to unravel astrovirus infection dynamics in bat populations to further assess the zoonotic potential of these viruses.
蝙蝠属于翼手目，翼手目是哺乳动物的第二大目，有1200多种，分布几乎遍及全球。环境变化和森林砍伐严重影响了许多生态系统，加剧了野生动物与人类之间的接触。近年来，人们发现蝙蝠携带着多种具有人畜共患病潜力的病毒，以及种类繁多的星状病毒，其人畜共患病潜力问题至今仍未得到解答。人类星状病毒已被确认为儿童和免疫功能低下患者腹泻的病原体。长期以来，星状病毒一直被认为具有严格的种特异性。然而，最近在动物和人类星状病毒中发现了巨大的遗传多样性，这可能表明这些病毒具有跨越物种屏障的潜力。此外，我们对星状病毒组织嗜性的认识已扩展到一些嗜神经毒株，这些毒株最近被证明与人类和家畜的脑炎有关。本文综述了关于蝙蝠、人类和家畜，特别是牛和猪体内星状病毒的已知情况。建议开展未来研究活动，以阐明蝙蝠种群中星状病毒的感染动态，从而进一步评估这些病毒的人畜共患病潜力。
