Niedermeier Martin, Weisleitner Andreas, Lamm Claus, Ledochowski Larissa, Frühauf Anika, Wille Maria, Burtscher Martin, Kopp Martin
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Physiol Behav. 2017 May 1;173:236-242. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.018. Epub 2017 Feb 21.
Decision making is impaired in hypoxic environments, which may have serious or even lethal consequences for mountaineers. An acclimatisation period prior to high altitude exposures may help to overcome adverse effects of hypoxia. Thus, we investigated possible effects of short-term pre-acclimatisation on decision making in hypoxia.
In a randomized controlled study design, 52 healthy participants were allocated to a hypoxia group (HG: short-term pre-acclimatisation by the use of intermittent hypoxia 7×1h at FO=12.6%, equivalent to 4500m) or a control group (CG: sham pre-acclimatisation 7×1h at FO=20.9%, equivalent to 600m). The number of risky decisions was assessed using the Game of Dice Task at four time points during a 12-hours stay in hypoxia (FO=12.6%).
42 (HG: 27, CG: 25) participants completed the study. The number of risky decisions was significantly (p=0.048 as determined by 4×2 ANCOVA) reduced in the hypoxia group compared to the control group, partial η=0.11, when the age-effect on decision making was controlled. Self-reported positive affective valence prior to decision making was negatively related to the number of risky decisions, r<-0.38.
Short-term pre-acclimatisation might influence decision making in hypoxia in a positive way and might be considered as a risk-reducing preparation method prior to exposures to hypoxic environments. Positive affective states seem to have a medium-sized protective effect against risky decision making.
在低氧环境中决策能力会受损，这可能会给登山者带来严重甚至致命的后果。在高海拔暴露之前进行一段适应期可能有助于克服低氧的不利影响。因此，我们研究了短期预适应对低氧环境下决策的可能影响。
在一项随机对照研究设计中，52名健康参与者被分配到低氧组（HG：通过在FO = 12.6%（相当于4500米）下间歇性低氧7×1小时进行短期预适应）或对照组（CG：在FO = 20.9%（相当于600米）下假预适应7×1小时）。在低氧环境（FO = 12.6%）停留12小时期间的四个时间点，使用掷骰子任务评估冒险决策的数量。
42名（HG组27名，CG组25名）参与者完成了研究。在控制了年龄对决策的影响后，与对照组相比，低氧组的冒险决策数量显著减少（通过4×2协方差分析确定p = 0.048），偏η = 0.11。决策前自我报告的积极情感效价与冒险决策数量呈负相关，r < -0.38。
短期预适应可能以积极方式影响低氧环境下的决策，并且可能被视为暴露于低氧环境之前的一种降低风险的准备方法。积极的情感状态似乎对冒险决策有中等程度的保护作用。
