Taylor Rachael W, Iosua Ella, Heath Anne-Louise M, Gray Andrew R, Taylor Barry J, Lawrence Julie A, Hanna Maha, Cameron Sonya L, Sayers Rachel, Galland Barbara
1Department of Medicine,University of Otago,PO Box 56,Dunedin 9054,New Zealand.
2Department of Preventive and Social Medicine,University of Otago,Dunedin,New Zealand.
Public Health Nutr. 2017 Jun;20(8):1372-1379. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000143. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Eating less frequently is associated with increased obesity risk in older children but data are potentially confounded by reverse causation, where bigger children eat less often in an effort to control their weight. Longitudinal data, particularly in younger children, are scarce. We aimed to determine whether eating frequency (meals and snacks) at 2 years of age is associated with past, current or subsequent BMI.
Cohort analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Eating frequency at 2 years of age was estimated using 48 h diaries that recorded when each child ate meals and snacks (parent-defined) in five-minute blocks. Body length/height and weight were measured at 1, 2 and 3·5 years of age. Linear regression assessed associations between the number of eating occasions and BMI Z-score, before and after adjustment for potential confounding variables.
Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) study, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Children (n 371) aged 1-3·5 years.
On average, children ate 5·5 (sd 1·2) times/d at 2 years of age, with most children (88-89 %) eating 4-7 times/d. Eating frequency at 2 years was not associated with current (difference in BMI Z-score per additional eating occasion; 95 % CI: -0·02; -0·10, 0·05) or subsequent change (0·02; -0·03, 0·06) in BMI. Similarly, BMI at age 1 year did not predict eating frequency at 2 years of age (difference in eating frequency per additional BMI Z-score unit; 95 % CI: -0·03; -0·19, 0·13).
Number of eating occasions per day was not associated with BMI in young children in the present study.
进食频率较低与大龄儿童肥胖风险增加相关，但数据可能因反向因果关系而产生混淆，即年龄较大的儿童为控制体重而减少进食次数。纵向数据，尤其是年幼儿童的数据稀缺。我们旨在确定2岁时的进食频率（正餐和零食）是否与过去、当前或随后的体重指数（BMI）相关。
一项随机对照试验的队列分析。使用48小时饮食日记估计2岁时的进食频率，该日记以5分钟为时间段记录每个孩子进食正餐和零食（由家长定义）的时间。在1岁、2岁和3.5岁时测量身长/身高和体重。线性回归评估了在调整潜在混杂变量前后，进食次数与BMI Z评分之间的关联。
新西兰达尼丁的婴儿期超重预防（POI）研究。
1至3.5岁的儿童（n = 371）。
2岁儿童平均每天进食5.5次（标准差1.2），大多数儿童（88%-89%）每天进食4至7次。2岁时的进食频率与当前BMI（每增加一次进食次数，BMI Z评分的差异；95%置信区间：-0.02；-0.10，0.05）或随后的BMI变化（0.02；-0.03，0.06）无关。同样，1岁时的BMI也不能预测2岁时的进食频率（每增加一个BMI Z评分单位，进食频率的差异；95%置信区间：-0.03；-0.19，0.13）。
在本研究中，幼儿每天的进食次数与BMI无关。
