Wang Sheng, Li Qian, Zang Yue, Zhao Yang, Liu Nan, Wang Yifei, Xu Xiaotao, Liu Li, Mei Qibing
China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China; State Key Laboratory of New Drug & Pharmaceutial process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutial Industry, Shanghai, 200437, China.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Jun;99:282-292. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.074. Epub 2017 Feb 24.
The saying "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" has been known for over 150 years, and numerous studies have shown that apple consumption is closely associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases. It has been well accepted that dysbiosis is the reflection of various chronic diseases. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of apple polysaccharides (AP) on gut dysbiosis. High-fat diet (HFD) fed rats were treated for 14 weeks with AP. The microbiota composition, microbiota-generated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gut permeability and chronic inflammation were analyzed. AP treatment showed higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus while lower Firmicutes and Fusobacteium. AP significantly increased total SCFAs level that contributed by acetic acid and isobutyric acid. Moreover, AP dramatically alleviated dysbiosis-associated gut permeability and chronic inflammation with decreased plasma LBP, up-regulation of Occludin, down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The potential mechanism is due to the fact that AP reduces gut permeability, which involves the induction of autophagy in goblet cells. Therefore, AP exerts health benefits through inhibiting gut dysbiosis and chronic inflammation and modulating gut permeability in HFD-induced dysbiosis rats.
“一天一苹果，医生远离我”这句谚语已流传了150多年，大量研究表明，食用苹果与降低慢性病风险密切相关。人们普遍认为，肠道菌群失调是各种慢性病的反映。因此，本研究调查了苹果多糖（AP）对肠道菌群失调的影响。用AP对高脂饮食（HFD）喂养的大鼠进行了14周的治疗。分析了微生物群组成、微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）、肠道通透性和慢性炎症。AP治疗显示拟杆菌门和乳杆菌属丰度较高，而厚壁菌门和梭杆菌属丰度较低。AP显著提高了由乙酸和异丁酸产生的总SCFAs水平。此外，AP显著减轻了与菌群失调相关的肠道通透性和慢性炎症，血浆脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）降低，闭合蛋白上调，肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）、趋化因子配体1（CXCL-1）和白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）下调。潜在机制是AP降低了肠道通透性，这涉及到杯状细胞自噬的诱导。因此，AP通过抑制肠道菌群失调和慢性炎症以及调节HFD诱导的菌群失调大鼠的肠道通透性发挥健康益处。
