Du Kexin, Wang Congmin, Liu Ping, Li Yuan, Ma Xi
State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193. China.
Department of Dermatology, Land force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100000. China.
Protein Pept Lett. 2017 May 10;24(5):397-405. doi: 10.2174/0929866524666170223095207.
The harmful effects of mycotoxins on intestinal health have received worldwide attention. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, and include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin, fumonisins, zearalenone, trichothecenes, and ergot alkaloids. Insuring the absence or low levels of mycotoxins is critical for food and feed safety. Currently, the studies in this field have illuminated the adverse effects of mycotoxins on gut health including intestinal integrity and the gut-associated immune system. By affecting the proteins and peptides that serve vital functions in the immune system and host metabolism, mycotoxins are able to attack intestinal epithelium, which leads to poor intestinal health and integrity. This review focuses on the effects of exposure to mycotoxins on the intestinal barrier, especially the gut microbiome, intestinal local immune system, and tight junction proteins, which in return influence digestion, absorption, metabolism and transport of the nutrients in intestinal lumen. The crucial role of mycotoxins on microbial metabolism and antimicrobial properties is also assessed, which elucidates the relationship between exposure to mycotoxins and the intestinal microbiome. We hypothesize that the key small peptides and proteins regulate the causal relationship between mycotoxins and gut microbiome.
霉菌毒素对肠道健康的有害影响已受到全球关注。霉菌毒素是丝状真菌产生的有毒次级代谢产物，包括黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、展青霉素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮、单端孢霉烯族毒素和麦角生物碱。确保霉菌毒素不存在或处于低水平对食品和饲料安全至关重要。目前，该领域的研究揭示了霉菌毒素对肠道健康的不利影响，包括肠道完整性和肠道相关免疫系统。通过影响在免疫系统和宿主代谢中发挥重要作用的蛋白质和肽，霉菌毒素能够攻击肠道上皮，导致肠道健康和完整性不佳。本综述重点关注接触霉菌毒素对肠道屏障的影响，特别是肠道微生物群、肠道局部免疫系统和紧密连接蛋白，这些反过来又会影响肠腔内营养物质的消化、吸收、代谢和运输。还评估了霉菌毒素对微生物代谢和抗菌特性的关键作用，阐明了接触霉菌毒素与肠道微生物群之间的关系。我们假设关键的小肽和蛋白质调节霉菌毒素与肠道微生物群之间的因果关系。
