Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
BMC Vet Res. 2022 May 14;18(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03256-x.
The adverse effect of aflatoxin in broilers is well known. However, dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cell wall and/or Nanocurcumin may decrease the negative effect of aflatoxin B1 because of the bio-adsorbing feature of the functional ingredients in Yeast Cell Wall and the detoxification effect of curcumin nanoparticles. The goal of this study was to see how Saccharomyces cell wall/Nanocurcumin alone or in combination with the aflatoxin-contaminated diet ameliorated the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler development, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, histology, immune histochemistry, liver gene expression, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers for 35 days. Moreover, the withdrawal time of aflatoxin was measured after feeding the aflatoxicated group an aflatoxin-free diet. Broiler chicks one day old were distributed into five groups according to Saccharomyces cell wall and/or nanocurcumin with aflatoxin supplementation. The G1 group was given a formulated diet without any supplements. The G2 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) in the formulated diet. The G3 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in the formulated diet. The G4 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and nanocurcumin (400 mg/kg) in the formulated diet. The G5 group was supplemented with aflatoxin (0.25 mg/kg diet) and Saccharomyces cell wall (1 kg/ton diet) in combination with nanocurcumin (200 mg/kg) in the formulated diet.
According to the results of this study, aflatoxin supplementation had a detrimental impact on the growth performance, blood and serum parameters, carcass traits, and aflatoxin residue in the liver and muscle tissue of broilers. In addition, aflatoxin supplementation led to a liver injury that was indicated by serum biochemistry and pathological lesions in the liver tissue. Moreover, the shortening of villi length in aflatoxicated birds resulted in a decrease in both the crypt depth ratio and the villi length ratio. The expression of CYP1A1 and Nrf2 genes in the liver tissue increased and decreased, respectively, in the aflatoxicated group. In addition, the aflatoxin residue was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the liver tissue of the aflatoxicated group after 2 weeks from the end of the experiment.
Saccharomyces cell wall alone or with nanocurcumin attenuated these negative effects and anomalies and improved all of the above-mentioned metrics.
黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡的不良影响是众所周知的。然而，由于酵母细胞壁中的功能性成分具有生物吸附特性，以及姜黄素纳米粒子的解毒作用，日粮中添加 Saccharomyces cell wall（酿酒酵母细胞壁）和/或 Nanocurcumin（纳米姜黄素）可能会降低黄曲霉毒素 B1 的负面影响。本研究的目的是观察酿酒酵母细胞壁/纳米姜黄素单独或与受黄曲霉毒素污染的日粮结合使用时，如何改善黄曲霉毒素 B1 对肉鸡生长、血液和血清参数、屠体特性、组织学、免疫组织化学、肝脏基因表达以及肉鸡肝脏和肌肉组织中黄曲霉毒素残留的毒性作用，为期 35 天。此外，在给受黄曲霉毒素污染的组喂食不含黄曲霉毒素的日粮后，还测量了黄曲霉毒素的停药时间。1 日龄的肉鸡根据 Saccharomyces cell wall（酿酒酵母细胞壁）和/或纳米姜黄素与黄曲霉毒素的添加情况分为五组。G1 组给予不含任何添加剂的配方日粮。G2 组在配方日粮中添加黄曲霉毒素（0.25mg/kg 日粮）。G3 组在配方日粮中添加黄曲霉毒素（0.25mg/kg 日粮）和 Saccharomyces cell wall（1kg/吨日粮）。G4 组在配方日粮中添加黄曲霉毒素（0.25mg/kg 日粮）和纳米姜黄素（400mg/kg）。G5 组在配方日粮中添加黄曲霉毒素（0.25mg/kg 日粮）和 Saccharomyces cell wall（1kg/吨日粮），同时添加纳米姜黄素（200mg/kg）。
根据本研究结果，黄曲霉毒素的添加对肉鸡的生长性能、血液和血清参数、屠体特性以及肝脏和肌肉组织中的黄曲霉毒素残留有不利影响。此外，黄曲霉毒素的添加导致肝脏损伤，这表现在血清生化和肝脏组织的病理损伤上。此外，黄曲霉毒素中毒鸟类的绒毛长度缩短，导致隐窝深度比和绒毛长度比均降低。肝脏组织中 CYP1A1 和 Nrf2 基因的表达分别增加和减少。此外，在实验结束后 2 周，黄曲霉毒素中毒组肝脏组织中的黄曲霉毒素残留量显著（P≤0.05）降低。
酿酒酵母细胞壁单独或与纳米姜黄素联合使用可以减轻这些负面影响和异常，并改善所有上述指标。
