DeLoveh Heidi L M, Cattaneo Lauren Bennett
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2017 Mar;59(1-2):65-79. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12125. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Sexual assault is a widespread problem on college campuses that has been the subject of substantial attention in recent years (Ali, 2011; Krebs, Lindquist, Berzofsky, Shook-Sa, & Peterson, 2016). Resources designed to address the problem exist, but there is evidence that they are underutilized by survivors (Campbell, 2008). The current study used grounded theory to explore how sexual assault survivors make decisions about helpseeking. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 college sexual assault survivors to develop a theoretical model for their decision-making process. The resulting model, Deciding Where to Turn, suggests that survivors engage in three key decision points: determining if there is a problem related to the sexual assault (Do I Need Help), considering options (What Can I Do), and weighing the consequences of these options (What Will I Do). This process results in one of four behavioral choices: cope on one's own, seek support from friends/family, seek support from formal resources, or covert helpseeking, where needs are met without disclosure. Deciding Where to Turn contributes to the literature by providing a framework for understanding helpseeking decisions after sexual assault, highlighting the need to match reactions to survivor perceptions. The concept of covert helpseeking in particular adds to the way researchers and practitioners think about helpseeking. Research and practice implications are discussed.
性侵犯是大学校园里一个普遍存在的问题，近年来受到了广泛关注（阿里，2011年；克雷布斯、林德奎斯特、贝佐夫斯基、肖克-萨和彼得森，2016年）。旨在解决这一问题的资源是存在的，但有证据表明幸存者对这些资源的利用率不高（坎贝尔，2008年）。当前的研究运用扎根理论来探索性侵犯幸存者如何做出寻求帮助的决定。对14名遭受性侵犯的大学生幸存者进行了深入访谈，以建立他们决策过程的理论模型。由此产生的“决定求助方向”模型表明，幸存者会经历三个关键决策点：确定是否存在与性侵犯相关的问题（我需要帮助吗）、考虑各种选择（我能做什么）以及权衡这些选择的后果（我会怎么做））。这一过程会导致四种行为选择之一：自行应对、向朋友/家人寻求支持、向正式资源寻求支持，或秘密寻求帮助，即在不透露需求的情况下满足需求。“决定求助方向”通过提供一个理解性侵犯后寻求帮助决策的框架，为文献做出了贡献，强调了使反应与幸存者认知相匹配的必要性。特别是秘密寻求帮助的概念，增加了研究人员和从业者对寻求帮助的思考方式。文中还讨论了研究和实践意义。
