Schöne D, Freiberger E, Sieber C C
Institut für Biomedizin des Alterns, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstr. 60, 90408, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Geriatrie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Internist (Berl). 2017 Apr;58(4):359-370. doi: 10.1007/s00108-017-0212-5.
Falls in older adults are a major public health problem, affecting 1 in 3 persons aged 65 and over at least once a year. Consequences of falling include death, injuries, fear of falling, and subsequent loss of independence. The age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) as well as muscle strength are markers of the frailty syndrome. In addition, they are associated with physical function and are a risk factor for falling. Older adults should be screened for falls at least annually. If evaluated as at-risk, a comprehensive falls assessment should be conducted to determine an individual's risk profile. Physical exercise with balance and strength training play a key role in the prevention and management of functional decline and fall risk. Multifactorial interventions are indicated in at-risk individuals. In sarcopenic individuals, sufficient intake of protein must be taken into account and supplementation in combination with exercise appears to be useful.
老年人跌倒问题是一个重大的公共卫生问题，每年至少影响三分之一的65岁及以上老年人。跌倒的后果包括死亡、受伤、害怕跌倒以及随后失去独立生活能力。与年龄相关的肌肉质量和功能丧失（肌少症）以及肌肉力量是衰弱综合征的标志。此外，它们与身体功能相关，是跌倒的危险因素。老年人应至少每年进行一次跌倒筛查。如果评估为高危人群，则应进行全面的跌倒评估，以确定个体的风险状况。进行平衡和力量训练的体育锻炼在预防和管理功能衰退及跌倒风险方面起着关键作用。对于高危个体，应采取多因素干预措施。对于肌少症患者，必须考虑摄入足够的蛋白质，并且结合运动进行补充似乎是有效的。
