Viswanathan Vijay, Sheppard John P, Kim Byoung W, Plantz Christopher L, Ying Hao, Lee Myung J, Raman Kalyan, Mulhern Frank J, Block Martin P, Calder Bobby, Lee Sang, Mortensen Dale T, Blood Anne J, Breiter Hans C
Medill Integrated Marketing Communications, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA.
Applied Neuromarketing Consortium, Medill, Kellogg, and Feinberg Schools, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA; Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA.
Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 21;8:122. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00122. eCollection 2017.
This study examines how the domains of reward and attention, which are often studied as independent processes, in fact interact at a systems level. We operationalize divided attention with a continuous performance task and variables from signal detection theory (SDT), and reward/aversion with a keypress task measuring approach/avoidance in the framework of relative preference theory (RPT). Independent experiments with the same subjects showed a significant association between one SDT and two RPT variables, visualized as a three-dimensional structure. Holding one of these three variables constant, further showed a significant relationship between a loss aversion-like metric from the approach/avoidance task, and the response bias observed during the divided attention task. These results indicate that a more liberal response bias under signal detection (i.e., a higher tolerance for noise, resulting in a greater proportion of false alarms) is associated with higher "loss aversion." Furthermore, our functional model suggests a mechanism for processing constraints with divided attention and reward/aversion. Together, our results argue for a systematic relationship between divided attention and reward/aversion processing in humans.
本研究考察了奖励和注意力这两个通常作为独立过程进行研究的领域，实际上是如何在系统层面相互作用的。我们通过持续操作任务和信号检测理论（SDT）中的变量来操作化分散注意力，并通过按键任务在相对偏好理论（RPT）框架下测量趋近/回避来操作化奖励/厌恶。对同一组受试者进行的独立实验表明，一个SDT变量与两个RPT变量之间存在显著关联，呈现为三维结构。保持这三个变量中的一个不变，进一步表明在趋近/回避任务中类似损失厌恶的指标与分散注意力任务期间观察到的反应偏差之间存在显著关系。这些结果表明，信号检测下更宽松的反应偏差（即对噪声的更高容忍度，导致更高比例的误报）与更高的“损失厌恶”相关。此外，我们的功能模型提出了一种处理分散注意力和奖励/厌恶时的加工限制的机制。总之，我们的结果表明人类的分散注意力和奖励/厌恶加工之间存在系统关系。
